The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonism on appetite and food intake in healthy men.
Exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) inhibits eating in healthy, overweight, and diabetic subjects. ⋯ GLP-1 receptor antagonism slightly modulates appetite during ad libitum eating, but food and fluid intakes and meal duration remain unchanged, suggesting that endogenous GLP-1 is a weak satiation signal. However, concomitant substantial increases in plasma PYY and glucagon may counteract a desatiating effect of ex9-39. The effect of ex9-39 on PYY secretion supports an autoinhibitory feedback mechanism that controls L cell secretion; the effect on insulin and glucagon confirms the role of GLP-1 in glycemic control through its action on pancreatic α and β cells.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of moderate-dose vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity in vitamin D-deficient non-Western immigrants in the Netherlands: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been associated with insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Because many non-Western immigrants in the Netherlands are vitamin D deficient, obese, and at high risk of diabetes, vitamin D supplementation may contribute to prevent diabetes and insulin resistance. ⋯ Vitamin D supplementation in non-Western vitamin D-deficient immigrants with prediabetes did not improve insulin sensitivity or β cell function or change the incidence of metabolic syndrome. However, after the exclusion of diabetic subjects, an improvement in the insulinogenic index was observed in participants who obtained a 25(OH)D concentration ≥60 nmol/L. This trial was registered at trialregister.nl as NTR1827.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
DHA-enriched high-oleic acid canola oil improves lipid profile and lowers predicted cardiovascular disease risk in the canola oil multicenter randomized controlled trial.
It is well recognized that amounts of trans and saturated fats should be minimized in Western diets; however, considerable debate remains regarding optimal amounts of dietary n-9, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids. ⋯ Consumption of CanolaDHA, a novel DHA-rich canola oil, improves HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure, thereby reducing FRS compared with other oils varying in unsaturated fatty acid composition. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01351012.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of the glycemic index of the diet on weight loss, modulation of satiety, inflammation, and other metabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled trial.
Low-glycemic index (GI) diets have been proven to have beneficial effects in such chronic conditions as type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and some types of cancer, but the effect of low-GI diets on weight loss, satiety, and inflammation is still controversial. ⋯ A low-GI and energy-restricted diet containing moderate amounts of carbohydrates may be more effective than a high-GI and low-fat diet at reducing body weight and controlling glucose and insulin metabolism. This trial was registered at Current Controlled Trials (www.controlled-trials.com) as ISRCTN54971867.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Nutrition before, during, and after surgery increases the arginine:asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio and relates to improved myocardial glucose metabolism: a randomized controlled trial.
Nitric oxide (NO) is essential for the optimal perfusion of the heart and its vasculature. NO may be insufficient in surgical patients because its precursor arginine is decreased, and the inhibitor of NO synthesis asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is increased. Besides arginine, the presence of other amino acids essential for the proper metabolism of cardiac cells may be decreased too. Supplementation of these amino acids with enteral and parenteral nutrition before, during, and after surgery may augment the myocardial and plasma arginine:ADMA ratio and availability of amino acids. Myocardial glucose metabolism and nutritional conditioning may result in a reduction of cardiac injury and support rapid recovery after major surgery. ⋯ Enteral or parenteral nutrition before, during, and after CABG may positively influence myocardial glucose metabolism by increasing the plasma and myocardial arginine:ADMA ratio.