The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Sleep restriction is not associated with a positive energy balance in adolescent boys.
A short sleep (SS) duration has been linked to obesity in observational studies. However, experimental evidence of the potential mechanisms of sleep restriction on energy balance is conflicting and, to our knowledge, nonexistent in adolescents. ⋯ Short-term sleep restriction in male adolescents is associated with a small negative energy balance driven by increased EE from prolonged wakefulness and a concomitant decreased EI and motivation to eat. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01198431.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized double-blind crossover study to determine the effects of erythromycin on small intestinal nutrient absorption and transit in the critically ill.
The gastrokinetic drug erythromycin is commonly administered to critically ill patients during intragastric feeding to augment small intestinal nutrient delivery. However, erythromycin has been reported to increase the prevalence of diarrhea, which may reflect reduced absorption and/or accelerated small intestinal transit. ⋯ Acute administration of erythromycin increases small intestinal glucose absorption in the critically ill, but there was a tendency for the drug to reduce small intestinal lipid absorption and slow transit. These observations have implications for the use of erythromycin as a gastrokinetic drug in the critically ill. This trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN 12610000615088.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Fish-oil supplementation in pregnancy does not reduce the risk of gestational diabetes or preeclampsia.
There is uncertainty regarding the efficacy of increasing n-3 long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) intake during pregnancy in reducing the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia. ⋯ DHA supplementation of 800 mg/d in the second half of pregnancy does not reduce the risk of GDM or preeclampsia. Whether supplementation reduces the risk of perinatal death and neonatal convulsions requires further investigation. The DOMInO trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as TRN12605000569606.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Relative effectiveness of oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and vitamin D3 in raising wintertime serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in older adults.
The relative potency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to vitamin D3 needs to be better defined so that food-composition tables can better reflect the true vitamin D nutritive value of certain foods. ⋯ Each microgram of orally consumed 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was about 5 times more effective in raising serum 25(OH)D in older adults in winter than an equivalent amount of vitamin D3. This conversion factor could be used in food-compositional tables for relevant foods. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01398202.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Selling Sprinkles micronutrient powder reduces anemia, iron deficiency, and vitamin A deficiency in young children in Western Kenya: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.
Although the efficacy of micronutrient powders [MNPs; eg, Sprinkles MNP (Sprinkles Global Health Initiative)] in the reduction of anemia has been established, the effectiveness of these powders in real-world programs has seldom been assessed. ⋯ Even with relatively low and infrequent use, Sprinkles MNP sales through community vendors were associated with decreased rates of anemia and iron and vitamin A deficiency in children in a resource-poor setting. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01088958.