The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of a low-salt diet on idiopathic hypercalciuria in calcium-oxalate stone formers: a 3-mo randomized controlled trial.
A direct relation exists between sodium and calcium excretion, but randomized studies evaluating the sustained effect of a low-salt diet on idiopathic hypercalciuria, one of the main risk factors for calcium-oxalate stone formation, are still lacking. ⋯ A low-salt diet can reduce calcium excretion in hypercalciuric stone formers. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01005082.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Feeding preterm infants milk with a higher dose of docosahexaenoic acid than that used in current practice does not influence language or behavior in early childhood: a follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial.
The visual and mental development of preterm infants improved after feeding them milk enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in amounts matching the fetal accretion rate. ⋯ Feeding preterm infants milk containing 3 times the standard amount of DHA did not result in any clinically meaningful change to language development or behavior when assessed in early childhood. Whether longer-term effects of dietary DHA supplementation can be detected remains to be assessed. This trial was registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry at www.anzctr.org.au as 12606000327583.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Acute effects of food on postprandial blood pressure and measures of arterial stiffness in healthy humans.
Recent research suggests that central pulse pressure may be a better indicator of cardiovascular disease outcomes than brachial pressure. Little information is available regarding the effect of food intake on postprandial central pressure and other measures of arterial stiffness when measured with a noninvasive pulse wave analysis (PWA) technique. ⋯ Markers of central hemodynamics are sensitive to feeding state and therefore should be measured at fasting to avoid variability due to recent (within 2-3 h) food intake. This is especially important when measurements are repeated over time to assess the effect of medication or lifestyle changes on cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of vitamins C and E and beta-carotene on the risk of type 2 diabetes in women at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a randomized controlled trial.
Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene are major antioxidants and as such may protect against the development of type 2 diabetes via reduction of oxidative stress. ⋯ Our randomized trial data showed no significant overall effects of vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene on risk of developing type 2 diabetes in women at high risk of CVD. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000541.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Oral supplementation with probiotics in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Although recent reports suggest that supplementation with probiotics may enhance intestinal function in premature infants, the mechanisms are unclear, and questions remain regarding the safety and efficacy of probiotics in extremely low-birth-weight infants. ⋯ Supplementation with BB536-LGG may not improve the gastrointestinal tolerance to enteral feeding in very-low-birth-weight infants but may improve gastrointestinal tolerance in infants weighing >1000 g. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 00290576.