The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Antenatal supplementation with micronutrients and biochemical indicators of status and subclinical infection in rural Nepal.
Previously we showed that women in rural Nepal experience multiple micronutrient deficiencies in early pregnancy. ⋯ In rural Nepal, antenatal supplementation with multiple micronutrients can ameliorate, to some extent, the burden of deficiency. The implications of such biochemical improvements in the absence of functional and health benefits remain unclear.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of the effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in children in Mexico City, Mexico.
The efficacy of micronutrient supplementation in improving childhood health and survival in developing countries may be specific to the micronutrient used and health outcome measured. ⋯ Vitamin A increases diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in young children in periurban areas of Mexico City. Vitamin A and zinc have more heterogeneous effects in different subgroups of children.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Growth, bone mass, and vitamin D status of Chinese adolescent girls 3 y after withdrawal of milk supplementation.
A 2-y school milk intervention trial showed that 330 mL of a dietary milk supplement (fortified with calcium alone or with both calcium and vitamin D) enhanced the growth and bone mineral accretion of Chinese girls aged 10 y at baseline. Girls who received milk fortified with both calcium and vitamin D also had better vitamin D status than did girls who received nothing or girls who received milk fortified only with calcium. ⋯ Milk supplementation during early puberty does not have long-lasting effects on bone mineral accretion.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Efficacy of twice-weekly multiple micronutrient supplementation for improving the hemoglobin and micronutrient status of anemic adolescent schoolgirls in Bangladesh.
Although iron deficiency is a major cause of anemia, other micronutrient deficiencies may also play a role. ⋯ Twice-weekly MMN supplementation for 12 wk significantly improved the status of the micronutrients assessed but was not more efficacious than was supplementation with iron and folic acid alone in improving the hematologic status of anemic adolescent girls. More frequent doses may be needed to achieve full benefit.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Inhibitory effects of dietary calcium on the initial uptake and subsequent retention of heme and nonheme iron in humans: comparisons using an intestinal lavage method.
Calcium is the only reported dietary inhibitor of both heme- and nonheme-iron absorption. It has been proposed that the 2 forms of iron enter a common pool in the enterocyte and that calcium inhibits the serosal transfer of iron into blood. ⋯ Calcium supplementation reduced heme and total iron without significantly affecting nonheme-iron absorption, regardless of meal bioavailability. Calcium inhibited the initial mucosal uptake rather than the serosal transfer of heme iron. Differences in serosal transfer indicate that heme and nonheme iron did not enter a common absorptive pool within 8 h after a meal.