The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Experimental studies suggest that elevated de novo lipogenesis (DNL) might be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Few prospective studies have been conducted, especially among populations with a high carbohydrate intake, to determine whether DNL fatty acids are associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). ⋯ Our findings suggest that fatty acids in the DNL pathway are independently associated with an elevated risk of metabolic disorders.
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Vitamin D is essential for bone health, and cutaneous synthesis is an important source. South Asians cannot attain adequate amounts of vitamin D by following general recommendations on summer sunlight exposure at northerly latitudes, and increased exposure may be appropriate for improving their vitamin D status. ⋯ Targeted guidance on sunlight exposure could usefully enhance vitamin D status to avoid deficiency [25(OH)D concentration >10 ng/mL] in South Asians living at latitudes distant from the equator. This trial was registered at the ISRCTN Register (www.isrctn.org) as 07565297.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Weight change at 1 mo of antiretroviral therapy and its association with subsequent mortality, morbidity, and CD4 T cell reconstitution in a Tanzanian HIV-infected adult cohort.
The development of low-cost point-of-care technologies to improve HIV treatment is a major focus of current research in resource-limited settings. ⋯ Weight loss as early as 1 mo after ART initiation can identify adults at high risk of adverse outcomes. Studies identifying reasons for and managing early weight loss are needed to improve HIV treatment, with particular urgency for malnourished adults initiating ART. The parent trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00383669.
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Decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been associated with an increased prevalence and severity of asthma and a lower response to inhaled corticosteroids. ⋯ In 2 samples of adolescents, overall serum 25(OH)D concentrations were low and were not consistently associated with the presence of asthma, multiple asthma characteristics, asthma morbidity, or response to treatment. The ACE trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0011441.
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In 2007, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) issued recommendations on diet, physical activity, and weight management for cancer prevention on the basis of the most comprehensive collection of available evidence. ⋯ Results of this study suggest that following WCRF/AICR recommendations could significantly increase longevity.