The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Multicenter Study
Major types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies.
Saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake increases plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations; therefore, intake should be reduced to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD). Lower habitual intakes of SFAs, however, require substitution of other macronutrients to maintain energy balance. ⋯ The associations suggest that replacing SFAs with PUFAs rather than MUFAs or carbohydrates prevents CHD over a wide range of intakes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Estimation of the dietary requirement for vitamin D in healthy adults.
Knowledge gaps have contributed to considerable variation among international dietary recommendations for vitamin D. ⋯ The range of vitamin D intakes required to ensure maintenance of wintertime vitamin D status [as defined by incremental cutoffs of serum 25(OH)D] in the vast majority (>97.5%) of 20-40-y-old adults, considering a variety of sun exposure preferences, is between 7.2 and 41.1 microg/d.
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARA) regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. The binding of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to PPARA results in rapid changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid oxidation, with long-chain n-3 fatty acids being potent activators of PPARA. ⋯ Findings from the current study suggest that PPARA 3'UTR SNPs modulate the association between lipid concentrations and dietary n-6 fatty acid intake (in whites) and long-chain n-3 fatty acid intake (in African Americans) such that persons with homozygous variant genotypes have significantly lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol measures when consuming higher quantities of n-6 or long-chain n-3 fatty acids.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
A micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder reduces morbidity and improves short-term cognitive function, but has no effect on anthropometric measures in primary school children in northeast Thailand: a randomized controlled trial.
Reductions in iodine and zinc deficiencies and improvements in hemoglobin were achieved from a micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder consumed in school lunches by children in northeast Thailand. ⋯ The beneficial effects on morbidity and visual recall over a short period, in addition to some biochemical improvements, highlight the potential of this micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder supplied in a school lunch. This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as ACTRN12605000341628.
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Multicenter Study
Ethnic differences in dairy and related nutrient consumption among US adults and their association with obesity, central obesity, and the metabolic syndrome.
Recent studies suggest dairy consumption and associated nutrients may be protective against some of the components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). ⋯ Various dairy products may have differential associations with metabolic disorders, including obesity. Ethnic differences in dairy consumption may explain in part the ethnic disparities in metabolic disorders in the US population.