Encephale
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According to research in sport psychology, anxiety is one of the most important and studied topics. Since its conceptualisation, many scales assessing sport anxiety have appeared in the English language. At present, the multidimensional conceptualisation of anxiety is dominant. Smith et al. developed a self-report questionnaire to assess the anxiety trait in sport (Sport Anxiety Scale, SAS). As a consequence, it seems important to have such an instrument in French language in order to fill in questionnaires on lack of self-report so as to assess cognitive and somatic anxiety traits. ⋯ The CFA results on both models are acceptable (chi(2)/ddl=1.60, Comparative fit index (CFI)=0.98, Global fit index (GFI)=0.92, Standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)=0.05, Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.05) and Cronbach's alpha for each scale ranged from 0.86 for cognitive trait anxiety to 0.89 for somatic trait anxiety. The ANOVAs show a difference according to gender (girls were more anxious than boys); level (the higher the level, the more the sportsmen were anxious) and type of sport (those who practiced collective sports were more anxious than those who practised individual sports). To conclude, and waiting for other researches using the French version of SAS, it appears that this scale is generally acceptable, and can be a useful tool for research on the anxiety trait in sport.
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Case Reports
[Catatonia in a 14 year-old girl: treatment with clorazepam and carbamazepine, a 10-year follow-up].
Child and adolescent catatonia has been poorly investigated. Moreover, diagnosis criteria only exist for adult psychiatry, and there are no therapeutic guidelines. The aim of this paper is to describe the case of a 14-year-old girl presenting an overlap between psychogenic and neuroleptic induced catatonia, acute treatment and ten year's follow-up. ⋯ The etiopathogenic diagnosis is problematic. Some indices in the familial history may suggest a traumatic event. But one to the total residual amnesia it was never confirmed, and traumatic catatonia are extremely rare. Normal CPK levels, with autonomic disturbance limited to tachycardia and the lack of resolution after discontinuance of medication, argues against a diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). But CPK levels are non specific, and NMS without pyrexia has been described. The occurrence of the catatonic syndrome 21 days after the first dose of a neuroleptic could be diagnostic. This case involved a non organic catatonic psychosis followed by neuroleptic induced catatonia. Catatonia is described as a risk factor for the development of NMS and some consider NMS to be a variant of malignant catatonia. The interest of this report is (1) it reinforces the need to be cautious before prescribing neuroleptics in adolescents presenting with symptoms of catatonia; (2) the complete recovery from catatonia after treatment with intensive care and more than three weeks of intravenous clonazepam without the use of ECT and (3) the effectiveness of carbamazepine over a long period of follow-up. Although trials on carbamazepine in catatonia are published, there are no data available for the control of residual symptoms or the long term prognosis, especially in child and adolescent psychiatry.
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Comparative Study
[Construct validation study of the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ) on an adult sample].
The authors present the construct validity of the French version of the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ) designed by Griffin and Bartholomew (1994), which is the most widely-used self-report concerning adult attachment. ⋯ The construct validity studied on an adult sample confirms the good psychometric properties of the RSQ considering the factor analysis, the test-retest short time reliability and the internal consistency. The factor analysis with three factors provides a different structure of classical descriptions with only two factors, but confirms the most recent results on Attachment Self-Reports that find a factor concerning security and two factors concerning management of insecurity (avoidance and anxiety in relationships). To be confirmed, the results require further research (confirmatory factor analysis, larger sample, other type of population).
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The victims of a spouse's violence have a high risk of developing mental and physical health symptoms. The efforts aimed at preventing the consequences of domestic violence are encouraged by the current literature as well as the national and international recommendations. They highlight the fact that intervention and treatment programs have more or less failed. ⋯ As a consequence, we deal with the professional and deontological positioning that the medical professionals have towards this device. The network device aims at going beyond the limits of the usual care, both through a pooling of knowledge and multidisciplinary practices. The establishment of common models of intervention (working groups), also suggests a best practice in relation to complex issues: the establishment of a network is a means of establishing the link between professionals. However, professionals in a network should routinely question their practice and ethics and to avoid "confusion of roles" - the risk of multidisciplinary and standard practices. Differences and professional specialisation are essential components of a care offer tailored to the clinical complexity of victims of domestic violence. It now appears necessary to assess the impact of this care at the social, health and psychological levels of victims of domestic violence.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
["Mental Health in the General Population: images and realities (MHGP)": methodology of the study].
Mental Health is a Public Health issue, however, access to relevant treatment often does not meet the population needs. Patients, their relatives, as well as Mental Health professionals are still victims of a high stigmatization process. Whatever the countries and the cultural settings, public beliefs and attitudes towards mental illness (insanity) and mentally ills (insane people) play a major role in the ranking of priorities given to Mental Health national prevention and care policies. This paper presents the methodology of the research-action entitled "Mental Health in General Population: images and realities (MHGP)" carried out by the World Health Organisation Collaborative Centre (Lille, France) and the Direction of research, studies, assessment and statistics (Drees) of the French Ministry of Health, in a sample of 36 000 French subjects over 18 years old, between 1999 and 2003. ⋯ About 900 individuals were recruited in 47 centres in metropolitan France between 1999 and 2003 according to the following criteria: i) informed consent to take part in the study, ii) age over 18 yrs, iii) not residing in a care institution and not homeless. Subjects were selected by quota sampling stratified by age, gender, educational and occupational level with the general population of the general population of the centre as sampling frame. The quotas were defined on the basis of the 1999 national population census. The data was collected by 1700 nursing students using a 50-item structured questionnaire administered in face-to-face interviews; mean length 40 minutes. The interviewers received a special 3-day training course. The assessment included a specially developed questionnaire enabling description of representations of insane, mentally ill and depressed individuals; the Mini International Neuro-psychiatric Interview (Sheehan and Lecrubier); a specific questionnaire on care consumption in case of positive MINI diagnosis and a sociodemographic questionnaire. In each centre, a team of supervisors (psychiatric staff) coordinated the interviews and the data collection; the local elected and the social and care networks were given information about the research and the results. The results of the local study were systematically presented to the general population, the local elected and the social and care professionals. Prevalence rates of mental disorders are very similar to those observed in other studies. Results on social representations and public beliefs in general population can compare with the international data available. MHGP research-action remains the first study of this scale on the topic of Mental Health in France, combining representations and prevalences description. It allowed the development of anti-stigma actions at a national and local level.