Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr
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Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2013
Review[Alemtuzumab is a new drug based on monoclonal antibodies for treatment multiple sclerosis: treatment possibilities and risks(review)].
Recently published results of II and II phase clinical trials of alemtuzumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) are reviewed. This drug has an immunosuppressive mechanism of action with an anti-inflammatory effect higher than that of high-dose beta-interferon. Its neuroprotective activity and possible side-effects are discussed.
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Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study[Dynamics of cognitive and emotional-volitional disorders in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy during the treatment with levetiracetam].
We examined 76 children and adolescents (45 boys (59.2%), 31 girls (40.8%), aged from 6 to 17 years (mean age 14.31 ± 0.3), with the diagnosis of refractory epilepsy using a clinical/psychopathological method and psychometric scales. Marked non-psychotic mental disorders of varying severity were observed in all patients. ⋯ The significant (p<0.01) improvement in cognitive functions and speech were found in 81.6% cases. The treatment reduced stress and improved mood in 63.1% of patients.
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Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2013
Review[Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis: clinical-pathophysiological correlation, diagnostics and treatment].
Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis are severe unfavorable forms of alcoholic brain damage with poor prognosis. Thiamine deficiency represents a common cause of both diseases. In many cases, Korsakoff's psychosis develops in the outcome of Wernicke's encephalopathy, which, along with the general etiology, lets talk about a single disease - Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, acute (usually reversible) stage of which is Wernicke's encephalopathy and a chronic one (often irreversible) is Korsakoff psychosis. ⋯ Unrecognized and therefore go untreated Wernicke's encephalopathy is a serious threat to the health and lives of patients, worsens the processes of brain aging and increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease in later life. The basic approach to the treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is long-term parenteral administration of thiamine, often in high doses. As an adjuvant means of therapy memantine is considered.
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Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2013
Comparative Study[Behavioral dependence on analgesics in medication overuse headache].
Authors conducted a clinical and psychological study in 3 groups of patients: 43 patients with medication overuse headache (MOH), 23 patients with chronic headache without medication overuse and 14 patients with episodic migraine. Along with clinical and neurological examination, the following questionnaires were administered: the McGill questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Spielberger-Khanin test, the Toronto alexithymia scale, the Leonhard personality inventory and an inventory based on the Benzodiazepine Dependence Self-Report Questionnaire (BDSRQ). ⋯ It was identified a progressive disease course with a formation of a specific behavioral pattern. Further studies are warranted to understand the reasons for acquiring behavioral dependence on analgetic medications, to improve management and prevent relapses of medication overuse headache.
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Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2013
[Vertebral artery dissection: peculiarities of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging manifestations].
The aim of this study was to analyze clinical and neuroimaging manifestations of vertebral artery (VA) dissection. Twenty seven patients (19 men, 8 women, mean age 34.1±6.1) with the VA dissection were enrolled. All the patients underwent MRA, neck MRI (T1 f-s, T2 f-s) and head MRI. ⋯ Clinical manifestations of VA dissection depend on the IMH localization. The main mechanism of brain ischemia appears to be an arterial embolism by clotted IMH fragments from the secondary intimal tear. It is suggested that in patients with isolated pain, the media may be weaker than in patients with brain ischemia that in turn promotes subadventicial IMH propagation.