Nursing research
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effects of immediate versus delayed pushing during second-stage labor on fetal well-being: a randomized clinical trial.
Although there are two methods of caring for women with epidural anesthesia during second-stage labor (coached closed-glottis pushing immediately at 10-cm cervical dilation or delayed pushing until the woman feels the urge to push, passive fetal descent, and encouragement of open-glottis pushing when the woman has the urge to push), there are limited data concerning which method is most optimal for fetal well-being. ⋯ Delayed pushing results in less fetal oxygen desaturation and less > or =2-min epochs of fetal oxygen saturation <30% during second-stage labor than the immediate pushing method; thus, delayed pushing is more favorable for fetal well-being as measured by fetal oxygen saturation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Motivational interviewing as a smoking cessation intervention for patients with cancer: randomized controlled trial.
Smoking cessation of patients with cancer can improve treatment efficacy and survival. ⋯ Future efforts to improve smoking cessation in this patient group might focus on the delivery of more direct methods for encouraging spouse cessation and support to the patient in quitting, and the use of bupropion (Zyban) as an adjunct to cessation for this heavy smoking patient group.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Cognitive-behavioral intervention effects on adolescents' anxiety and pain following spinal fusion surgery.
Cognitive-behavioral interventions, typically effective in reducing anxiety and pain, have not been applied to adolescents undergoing major orthopaedic surgery. ⋯ Cognitive-behavioral interventions designed to prepare adolescents for surgery should be tailored to individual factors and developmental needs, especially the adolescents' preoperative anxiety level and age.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Efficacy and safety of sucrose for procedural pain relief in preterm and term neonates.
Preterm and acutely ill term neonates who are hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit are subjected to multiple frequent invasive and painful procedures aimed at improving their outcome. Although several trials to determine the efficacy of sucrose for managing procedural pain in preterm and acutely ill term neonates have been developed, these have generally lacked methodological rigor and have not provided clinicians with clear practice guidelines. ⋯ The combination of sucrose and nonnutritive sucking is the most efficacious intervention for single heel lances. Research on the effects of gestational age on the efficacy and safety of repeated doses of sucrose is required.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Calming music and hand massage with agitated elderly.
Agitated behavior is a widespread problem that adversely affects the health of nursing home residents and increases the cost of their care. ⋯ Calming music and hand massage alter the immediate environment of agitated nursing home residents to a calm structured surrounding, offsetting disturbing stimuli, but no additive benefit was found by combining interventions simultaneously.