Pediatrics
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The goal was to investigate the clinical impact of 3 early management practice changes for infants of < or = 1000 g. ⋯ Successful early management of extremely preterm infants with surfactant treatment followed by continuous positive airway pressure treatment at delivery, lowered oxygen saturation goals, and early amino acid supplementation is possible and is associated with reductions in the incidence and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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The goal was to evaluate whether changes in neonatal intensive care have improved outcomes for children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependence at corrected age of 36 weeks). ⋯ Neurosensory outcomes of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia improved during 2000 to 2003 but overall neurodevelopmental outcomes did not change.
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The goal was to determine the utility of neutrophil CD64 as a diagnostic marker for sepsis in neonates. ⋯ Neutrophil CD64 is a highly sensitive marker for neonatal sepsis. Prospective studies incorporating CD64 into a sepsis scoring system are warranted.
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To estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence among parents at a pediatric primary care clinic and to evaluate the stability, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios of a very brief screen for intimate partner violence. ⋯ Intimate partner violence is a prevalent problem. A very brief screen can reasonably identify some mothers who could benefit from additional evaluation and possible services. Additional research is needed to find a more sensitive screen and to examine whether identifying intimate partner violence leads to interventions that benefit mothers, families, and children.
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The goal was to estimate the level of delivered continuous positive airway pressure by measuring oral cavity pressure with the mouth closed in infants of various weights and ages treated with heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula at flow rates of 1-5 L/minute. We hypothesized that clinically relevant levels of continuous positive airway pressure would not be achieved if a nasal leak is maintained. ⋯ Oral cavity pressure can estimate the level of continuous positive airway pressure. Continuous positive airway pressure generated with heated, humidified, high-flow nasal cannula treatment depends on the flow rate and weight. Only in the smallest infants with the highest flow rates, with the mouth fully closed, can clinically significant but unpredictable levels of continuous positive airway pressure be achieved. We conclude that heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula should not be used as a replacement for delivering continuous positive airway pressure.