Pediatrics
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Primary care physicians can enhance the health and quality of life of children with autism by providing high-quality and comprehensive primary care. ⋯ Primary care physicians report a lack of self-perceived competency, a desire for education, and a need for improvement in primary care for children with autism. Physician education is needed to improve primary care for children with autism. Practice parameters and models of care should address physician-reported barriers to care.
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With the implementation of a new rotavirus immunization program in the United States in 2006, determining the potential health benefits of rotavirus vaccination is important. We estimated the burden of acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations and emergency department visits in US children that are potentially preventable by rotavirus vaccination. ⋯ The withdrawn rotavirus vaccine was highly effective in preventing hospitalizations and emergency department visits for all-cause acute gastroenteritis and the health benefits of vaccination against rotavirus may be greater than previously estimated.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topiramate for migraine prevention in pediatric subjects 12 to 17 years of age.
Currently, no drugs are Food and Drug Administration-approved for migraine prophylaxis in pediatric patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topiramate for migraine prevention in adolescents. ⋯ The 100 mg/day topiramate group demonstrated efficacy in the prevention of migraine in pediatric subjects. Overall, topiramate treatment was safe and well tolerated.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Effectiveness of educational materials designed to change knowledge and behaviors regarding crying and shaken-baby syndrome in mothers of newborns: a randomized, controlled trial.
Infant crying is an important precipitant for shaken-infant syndrome. OBJECTIVE. To determine if parent education materials (The Period of PURPLE Crying [PURPLE]) change maternal knowledge and behavior relevant to infant shaking. ⋯ Use of the PURPLE education materials seem to lead to higher scores in knowledge about early infant crying and the dangers of shaking, and in sharing of information behaviors considered to be important for the prevention of shaking.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Impact of postnatal corticosteroid use on neurodevelopment at 18 to 22 months' adjusted age: effects of dose, timing, and risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low birth weight infants.
Postnatal steroid use decreases lung inflammation but increases impairment. We hypothesized that increased dose is associated with increased neurodevelopmental impairment, lower postmenstrual age at exposure increases impairment, and risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia modifies the effect of postnatal corticosteroid. ⋯ Higher steroid dose was associated with increased neurodevelopmental impairment. There is no "safe" window for steroid use in extremely low birth weight infants. Neonates with low bronchopulmonary dysplasia risk should not be exposed. A randomized trial of steroid use in infants at highest risk is warranted.