Pediatrics
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Sustained lung inflation at birth for preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial.
Studies suggest that giving newly born preterm infants sustained lung inflation (SLI) may decrease their need for mechanical ventilation (MV) and improve their respiratory outcomes. ⋯ SLI followed by nCPAP in the delivery room decreased the need for MV in the first 72 hours of life in preterm infants at high risk of respiratory distress syndrome compared with nCPAP alone but did not decrease the need for respiratory support and the occurrence of BPD.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Quality of life and obstructive sleep apnea symptoms after pediatric adenotonsillectomy.
Data from a randomized, controlled study of adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were used to test the hypothesis that children undergoing surgery had greater quality of life (QoL) and symptom improvement than control subjects. The objectives were to compare changes in validated QoL and symptom measurements among children randomized to undergo adenotonsillectomy or watchful waiting; to determine whether race, weight, or baseline OSAS severity influenced changes in QoL and symptoms; and to evaluate associations between changes in QoL or symptoms and OSAS severity. ⋯ Adenotonsillectomy compared with watchful waiting resulted in significantly more improvements in parent-rated generic and OSAS-specific QoL measures and OSAS symptoms.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Benefits of strict rest after acute concussion: a randomized controlled trial.
To determine if recommending strict rest improved concussion recovery and outcome after discharge from the pediatric emergency department (ED). ⋯ Recommending strict rest for adolescents immediately after concussion offered no added benefit over the usual care. Adolescents' symptom reporting was influenced by recommending strict rest.
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Practice Guideline
Development of hospital-based guidelines for skeletal survey in young children with bruises.
To develop guidelines for performing an initial skeletal survey (SS) for children <24 months of age presenting with bruising in the hospital setting, combining available evidence with expert opinion. ⋯ The appropriateness and necessity of SS in children presenting for care to the hospital setting with bruising, as determined by a diverse panel of experts, depends on age of the child and location of bruising.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Morphine versus clonidine for neonatal abstinence syndrome.
The study goal was to determine whether clonidine treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) would result in a better neurobehavioral performance compared with morphine. ⋯ Clonidine may be a favorable alternative to morphine as a single-drug therapy for NAS. A multicenter randomized trial is warranted.