Pediatrics
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Oral dimenhydrinate versus placebo in children with gastroenteritis: a randomized controlled trial.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral dimenhydrinate in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis. ⋯ The prescription of oral dimenhydrinate did not significantly decrease the frequency of vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis compared with placebo.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Hypertonic saline and acute wheezing in preschool children.
Most acute wheezing episodes in preschool children are associated with rhinovirus. Rhinovirus decreases extracellular adenosine triphosphate levels, leading to airway surface liquid dehydration. This, along with submucosal edema, mucus plaques, and inflammation, causes failure of mucus clearance. These preschool children do not respond well to available treatments, even oral steroids. This calls for pro-mucus clearance and prohydration treatments such as hypertonic saline in wheezing preschool children. ⋯ Using HS inhalations significantly shortens LOS and lowers AR in preschool children presenting with an acute wheezing episode to the emergency department.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief motivational interviewing intervention for peer violence and alcohol use in teens: one-year follow-up.
Emergency department (ED) visits present an opportunity to deliver brief interventions (BIs) to reduce violence and alcohol misuse among urban adolescents at risk for future injury. Previous analyses demonstrated that a BI resulted in reductions in violence and alcohol consequences up to 6 months. This article describes findings examining the efficacy of BIs on peer violence and alcohol misuse at 12 months. ⋯ Evaluation of the SafERteens intervention 1 year after an ED visit provides support for the efficacy of computer-assisted therapist brief intervention for reducing peer violence.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Effective analgesia using physical interventions for infant immunizations.
To measure the analgesic effectiveness of the 5 S's (swaddling, side/stomach position, shushing, swinging, and sucking) alone and combined with sucrose, during routine immunizations at 2 and 4 months. ⋯ Physical intervention of the 5 S's (swaddling, side/stomach position, shushing, swinging, and sucking) provided decreased pain scores on a validated pain scale and decreased crying time among 2- and 4-month-old infants during routine vaccinations. The use of 5S's did not differ from 5S's and sucrose.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Tight glycemic control with insulin in hyperglycemic preterm babies: a randomized controlled trial.
The optimal treatment of neonatal hyperglycemia is unclear. The aim of this trial was to determine whether tight glycemic control with insulin improves growth in hyperglycemic preterm infants, without increasing the incidence of hypoglycemia. ⋯ Tight glycemic control with insulin in hyperglycemic preterm infants increases weight gain and head growth, but at the expense of reduced linear growth and increased risk of hypoglycemia. The balance of risks and benefits of insulin treatment in hyperglycemic preterm neonates remains uncertain.