Pediatrics
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Heliox therapy in bronchiolitis: phase III multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy in bronchiolitis. Earlier studies suggest that helium-oxygen therapy may be beneficial, but evidence is limited. We aimed to compare efficacy of 2 treatment gases, Heliox and Airox (21% oxygen + 79% helium or nitrogen, respectively), on length of hospital treatment for bronchiolitis. ⋯ Heliox therapy does not reduce LoT unless given via a tight-fitting facemask or CPAP. Nasal cannula heliox therapy is ineffective.
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Historically, many children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) were underweight. Treatment advances like hydroxyurea have been associated with improved growth. We hypothesized that increased hemoglobin (Hb) levels would be associated with increased weight status of children with SCD. ⋯ Nearly one-quarter of children and adolescents with SCD in New England are overweight or obese. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the impact of elevated BMI on the morbidity and mortality of both children and adults with SCD.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Efficacy of psychosocial group intervention for children with chronic illness and their parents.
To investigate the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral group intervention for children with chronic illnesses and to test the effect of an added parent component. ⋯ This RCT supports the efficacy of a protocol-based group intervention for children with chronic illnesses and their parents. Adding a parental component to the intervention contributed to the persistence of the effects. Future research should focus on moderating and mediating effects of the intervention.
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Multicenter Study
Trends in the management of viral meningitis at United States children's hospitals.
To determine trends in the diagnosis and management of children with viral meningitis at US children's hospitals. ⋯ Between 2005 and 2011, viral meningitis diagnoses at US children's hospitals declined. However, most of these children are hospitalized, and the cost for caring for these children remains considerable.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Interns' success with clinical procedures in infants after simulation training.
Simulation-based medical education (SBME) is used to teach residents. However, few studies have evaluated its clinical impact. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of an SBME session on pediatric interns' clinical procedural success. ⋯ Participation in a single SBME mastery learning session was insufficient to affect pediatric interns' subsequent procedural success.