Jpen Parenter Enter
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Mar 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialGlucose response to discontinuation of parenteral nutrition in patients less than 3 years of age.
The effects of abrupt discontinuation and tapering of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on glucose concentration were compared in patients < 3 years of age. ⋯ The high incidence of hypoglycemia after TPN discontinuation in children < 3 years of age requires monitoring of serum glucose concentration when initiating intermittent TPN until tolerance is documented.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Jan 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effects of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition in premature infants.
Glutamine (GLN) is the primary fuel for rapidly dividing cells, yet it is not a constituent of parenteral nutritional formulas administered to newborns. The aims of this prospective, randomized, double-blind trial were (1) to confirm the safety of glutamine supplementation for premature infants and (2) to examine the effects of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition on length of stay, days on total parenteral nutrition (TPN), days on the ventilator, and other clinical outcomes. ⋯ Glutamine appears to be safe for use in premature infants and seems to be conditionally essential in premature infants with extremely low birth weights. Larger multicenter trials are needed to confirm these observations and further evaluate the efficacy of GLN in these high-risk premature infants.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Jan 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPerioperative nutritional support in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
This prospective, randomized, controlled trial from the University of Hong Kong evaluated the efficacy of perioperative parenteral nutrition (PN) in patients requiring hepatectomy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma. From September 1990 through June 1993, 150 consecutive patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma were randomly assigned to receive either perioperative PN (n = 75), in addition to usual oral diet, or to no additional therapy (oral diet alone without PN; n = 75). Excluding patients with metastatic disease, a total of 64 patients in the perioperative PN group (39 with associated cirrhosis, 18 with chronic active hepatitis, and 7 without associated liver disease) were compared to 60 control patients (33 with cirrhosis, 12 with chronic active hepatitis and 15 with no associated liver disease). ⋯ There was less deterioration of liver function with PN as measured by the change in the rate of indocyanine green clearance (PN group -2.8% loss vs control group -4.8% loss; p = 0.05). The attenuation of hepatic function loss with PN occurred despite a significant rise in serum transaminase values from days 5 to 8 postoperatively. PN therapy was also associated with le
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Jan 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialInfluence of three different fiber-supplemented enteral diets on bowel function and short-chain fatty acid production.
Dietary fiber is known to influence bowel habit and gastrointestinal mucosal cell morphology and function. large-bowel function is particularly influenced by insoluble, poorly fermentable fiber sources, whereas mucosal function is affected by fiber sources that are soluble and highly fermentable. The aim of the present study was to compare bowel function during consumption of a self-selected diet, a fiber-free enteral diet, and three polymeric enteral diets, each supplemented with a fiber with different fermentation characteristics. The fiber sources used were oat, soy oligosaccharide, and soy polysaccharide. ⋯ Compared with a fiber-free polymeric enteral diet, the daily consumption of an enteral diet supplemented with 30 g of total dietary fiber per day derived from a poorly fermentable oat fiber, a highly fermentable soy oligosaccharide fiber, or a moderately fermentable soy polysaccharide fiber has little impact, if any, on bowel function.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Sep 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialAmino acid solutions for premature neonates during the first week of life: the role of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-L-tyrosine.
Tyrosine and cyst(e)ine are amino acids that are thought to be essential for preterm neonates. These amino acids have low stability (cyst(e)ine) or low solubility (tyrosine) and are therefore usually present only in small amounts in amino acid solutions. Acetylation improves the stability and solubility of amino acids, facilitating a higher concentration in the solution. ⋯ We show a linear correlation of plasma cystine with the intake of cysteine (r = .75, p = 0.01), but not with N-acetyl-L-cysteine. The estimated intake of cysteine should be 500 mumol.kg-1.d-1 in order to obtain levels comparable with those shown in normal term, breast-fed neonates. Nitrogen retention did not differ among the three groups (247 to 273 mg.kg-1.d-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)