Jpen Parenter Enter
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Jan 2007
Alanine-glutamine dipeptide (AGD) inhibits expression of inflammation-related genes in hemorrhagic shock.
Inflammatory factors play an important role in the production of cellular damage after shock and reperfusion. Glutamine has been used to modulate the inflammatory response. Alanine-glutamine dipeptide (AGD) is a glutamine source. The hypothesis of the present study is that AGD given during resuscitation will suppress postshock expression of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1beta) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). ⋯ AGD modified the expression of genes controlling cytokines and iNOS in the liver. This agent is a potential treatment for hemorrhagic shock.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Nov 2006
Review Meta AnalysisDoes amount of protein in formula matter for low-birthweight infants? A Cochrane systematic review.
High protein intake may be associated with negative consequences such as acidosis, uremia, and elevated levels of circulating amino acids (eg, phenylalanine levels). We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials to determine whether formula-fed low-birthweight infants could tolerate protein intakes>or=3.0 g/kg/d in their initial hospital stay, without adverse consequences. ⋯ Accelerated weight and nitrogen accretion were noted with higher protein intakes in "healthy" formula-fed low-birthweight infants. This benefit could not be weighed against the adverse consequences of elevated blood urea nitrogen levels and increased metabolic acidosis and neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Nov 2006
Tolerance and efficacy of enteral nutrition in traumatic brain-injured patients induced into barbiturate coma.
There is a paucity of data evaluating the efficacy of nutrition support in traumatic brain-injured patients induced into barbiturate coma for refractory intracranial hypertension. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of enteral nutrition in a select group of trauma patients. ⋯ Patients with traumatic brain injury induced into barbiturate coma develop a significant ileus that is refractory to prokinetic agents. Only a marginal improvement is seen when the postpyloric route is obtained. Early parenteral nutrition should be considered in this patient population.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Sep 2006
Albumin infusion after reperfusion prevents gut ischemia-reperfusion-induced gut-associated lymphoid tissue atrophy.
Our recent study clarified that gut ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causes gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) mass atrophy, a possible mechanism for increased morbidity of infectious complications after severe surgical insults. Because albumin administration reportedly reduces hemorrhagic shock-induced lung injury, we hypothesized that albumin treatment prevents GALT atrophy due to gut I/R. ⋯ Albumin infusion after a gut ischemic insult may maintain gut immunity by preventing GALT atrophy.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Sep 2006
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effect of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability in very-low-birth-weight infants: a randomized controlled trial.
Very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants are susceptible to glutamine depletion. Glutamine depletion has negative effects on intestinal integrity. The lower infection rate in VLBW infants receiving glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition may originate from improved intestinal integrity, as reflected by decreased intestinal permeability. The aim of our study was to investigate whether glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in VLBW infants enhances the normal decrease in intestinal permeability, as measured by the sugar absorption test (SAT). ⋯ Glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition does not enhance the postnatal decrease in intestinal permeability in VLBW infants. Any beneficial effect of glutamine may involve other aspects of intestinal integrity; for example, modulation of the intestinal inflammatory response.