Crit Care Resusc
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To detail the history, modes, physiological effects, and circuit geometry of non-invasive ventilation. ⋯ Non-invasive ventilation using the modes of CPAP, PSV, BiPAP and NIPPV should be considered in patients with respiratory failure who are unresponsive to conventional therapy, before considering invasive mechanical ventilation.
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To present an overview of acidosis following intravenous fluid infusion and to highlight the current controversy in acid-base physiology. ⋯ There is controversy regarding mechanisms in acid-base physiology. The clinical significance of post infusion acidosis is unclear, however use of Hartmann's solution may minimize the acidosis.
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To discuss the clinical indications and complications of non-invasive ventilation. ⋯ Non-invasive ventilation using the modes of CPAP, PSV, BiPAP and NIPPV should be considered in patients with respiratory disorders who remain in acute respiratory failure despite conventional therapy, before considering invasive mechanical ventilation.