Can J Ophthalmol
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Review Case Reports
Palinopsia: a case report and review of the literature.
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Colour flow Doppler ultrasonography is a relatively new technique in which colour-encoded representations of flowing blood are imposed over a conventional grey-scale ultrasound image. This allows interrogation of a relatively large volume of tissue to determine the presence and direction of blood flow. ⋯ The technique can also be used to evaluate ocular membranes and masses. Colour flow Doppler imaging promises to be an important advance in ophthalmic ultrasonography.
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Brain-stem anesthesia is a serious complication of orbital regional anesthesia that may occur when the injected local anesthetic agent gains access to the central nervous system by direct spread from the apex of the orbit via submeningeal pathways. In most studies the reported incidence rate during retrobulbar block is one case per 350 to 500 patients. Failure to recognize the condition or to treat it adequately may be life threatening. ⋯ In all situations in which orbital block is to be done, basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation equipment and personnel familiar with its use are essential. Monitoring of the blood pressure, electrocardiography and pulse oximetry should be routine. Having the globe in primary gaze renders the optic nerve less vulnerable, and avoidance of deep penetration of the orbit is of great importance.