The Medical journal of Australia
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Emotional issues can influence the health of women aged 40 and over. Important factors are: psychological functioning; interpersonal relationships; body image; and role changes.
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Death and bereavement are often poorly dealt with in emergency departments. Guidelines exist for optimal care of bereaved relatives. ⋯ Bereaved relatives appreciate a more "human" approach from hospital staff. Ultimately hospital staff also benefit from confronting issues surrounding death in the emergency department.
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To analyse results of a screening program for colorectal cancer using flexible sigmoidoscopy. ⋯ Flexible sigmoidoscopy screening is an acceptable strategy in asymptomatic, average-risk people which detects colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps. Screening has been associated with a trend to earlier presentation of cancer in our institution.
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Dairy foods provide the major, readily absorbed sources of calcium. Women aged 40 years and over should consume 3-4 serves of low-fat dairy food per day. If calcium supplements are required, the best absorption rate is from a dose of 500-600 mg of calcium once or twice daily. ⋯ Vitamin D supplements may be necessary for women with inadequate sun exposure. Salty foods and the addition of salt to food should be avoided. While there is emerging evidence for the role of phytoestrogens in bone health, more human trials are required to strengthen this evidence.
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Most randomised placebo-controlled trials show no benefit of phytoestrogens in managing menopausal vasomotor symptoms. Concentrated phytoestrogen supplements appear to have oestrogenic actions in the breast and may interfere with the therapeutic use of tamoxifen. Unlike concentrated supplements, foods rich in phytoestrogens, such as vegetables, grains and legumes, are also excellent sources of fibre, unsaturated protein, vitamins and minerals and their consumption should be encouraged.