Cutis
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Review Case Reports
Irritant contact dermatitis due to the use of a continuous positive airway pressure nasal mask: 2 case reports and review of the literature.
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is commonly used to treat various respiratory conditions including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Several side effects related to the use of nasal CPAP are described in the literature. The side effects can cause patients to discontinue this effective therapy. We report 2 patients who used nasal CPAP for several years for the treatment of OSA and developed irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) from a CPAP nasal mask.
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Hair pigmentation and graying are important topics for the understanding of the physiology of aging; the differentiation of stem cells; and the mechanisms underlying disease processes such as progeroid syndromes, vitiligo, and hypothyroidism. Although hair graying, or canities, is a common process occurring in people as they age, an unknown percentage of individuals experience premature graying from familial inheritance or pathologic conditions. We review the physiology of hair pigmentation and the mechanism underlying physiologic graying, and we explore the etiology of pathologic causes of premature graying, pathologies associated with premature graying, and the limited available treatment options for hair graying.
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More than 1 million burns occur annually in the United States. The management of first-degree burns is limited to minor pain control whereas third-degree burns require skin grafting. ⋯ There are many different topical treatments and dressings for acute partial-thickness burns, and the clinical superiority of any one treatment is unclear. Because dermatologists may manage acute outpatient burns, we review the most widely utilized treatments that may be administered on an outpatient basis.
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Review Case Reports
Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans: a case report and review of the literature.
Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) is a rare tertiary manifestation of Lyme borreliosis, manifesting as inflammatory and atrophic lesions on acral skin. Although ACA rarely has been reported in the United States, it may be seen in approximately 10% of European cases of Lyme borreliosis, most commonly associated with the genospecies Borrelia afzelii. We report a presumptive case of ACA involving an American woman from Pennsylvania with convincing clinical, histopathologic, and serologic findings. We also provide an overview of the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical and histopathologic presentation, and treatment of ACA.