J Am Assoc Lab Anim
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J Am Assoc Lab Anim · Nov 2014
Using porches to decrease feces painting in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
The goal of this project was to evaluate the efficacy of a porch in decreasing feces painting in captive rhesus macaques. The porch is a small extension that is hung on the outside of a monkey's primary home cage. Porches provide many potential benefits to indoor-housed macaques, including opportunities to perch above the ground, additional space, and increased field of view. ⋯ We found that subjects received significantly lower feces painting scores when given porch enrichment or smear board enrichment compared with baseline. Furthermore, subjects received significantly lower feces painting scores with porch enrichment than smear board enrichment. These results demonstrate that the porch is an effective tool to decrease feces painting in captive macaques.
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J Am Assoc Lab Anim · Nov 2014
Atipamezole reverses ketamine-dexmedetomidine anesthesia without altering the antinociceptive effects of butorphanol and buprenorphine in female C57BL/6J mice.
Butorphanol and buprenorphine are common analgesics used in laboratory mice. Inadvertent attenuation of the antinociceptive effects of these analgesics via the administration of an anesthetic reversal agent could result in postprocedural pain and distress, with subsequent negative effects on animal welfare, study outcomes, and regulatory compliance. This study was undertaken to determine whether atipamezole reverses ketamine-dexmedetomidine anesthesia and alters the antinociceptive effects of butorphanol and buprenorphine in female C57BL/6J mice. ⋯ These results suggest that the analgesic effects of butorphanol and buprenorphine are not affected by atipamezole. Buprenorphine (0.1 mg/kg) administered 30 min prior to or at the time of anesthesia resulted in a greater magnitude of antinociception after antagonism of anesthesia than when given at the time of reversal. Given these results, we recommend the use of ketamine-dexmedetomidine anesthesia with buprenorphine administered either preemptively or at the time of anesthetic induction to provide a defined period of surgical anesthesia that is effectively reversed by atipamezole.
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J Am Assoc Lab Anim · Sep 2014
Sheep (Ovis aries) as a model for cardiovascular surgery and management before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass.
Because of its similarity to humans in important respects, sheep (Ovis aries) are a common animal model for translational research in cardiovascular surgery. However, some unique aspects of sheep anatomy and physiology present challenges to its use in these complicated experiments. In this review, we discuss relevant anatomy and physiology of sheep and discuss management before, during, and after procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass to provide a concise source of information for veterinarians, technicians, and researchers developing and implementing protocols with this model.
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J Am Assoc Lab Anim · Jul 2014
Conductance catheter measurement and effect of different anesthetics in a rat model of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction.
We demonstrate the usefulness of left ventricular pressure-volume (PV) loops generated by the use of conductance catheter measurements and investigate the influence of the type of general anesthesia on postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction in a rat model of cardiac arrest (CA) and subsequent cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A total of 42 Wistar-Han rats were randomized to receive general anesthesia with sevoflurane and resuscitation after CA, general anesthesia with pentobarbital intraperitoneally and resuscitation after CA, or general anesthesia with pentobarbital without CA (sham group). Myocardial function, assessed by analysis of PV loops, was measured continuously and in real-time by using a PV-conductance catheter. ⋯ The decrease was less pronounced in rats anesthetized with sevoflurane compared with pentobarbital (11.8 ± 4.9 mW/μL(2) compared with 4.8 ± 1.9 mW/μL(2) at 3 h after ROSC). This finding indicates that the type of general anesthesia influences postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction in this rat model of experimentally induced CA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Rats that were anesthetized with sevoflurane exhibited less postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction than did those anesthetized with pentobarbital.
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J Am Assoc Lab Anim · May 2014
Comparative StudyEffects of anesthesia with isoflurane, ketamine, or propofol on physiologic parameters in neonatal rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
Isoflurane, ketamine, and propofol are common anesthetics in human and nonhuman primate medicine. However, scant normative data exist regarding the response of neonatal macaques to these anesthetics. We compared the effects of isoflurane, ketamine, and propofol anesthesia on physiologic parameters in neonatal rhesus macaques. ⋯ In addition, isoflurane resulted in a significantly shorter average time to extubation, compared with both ketamine and propofol. Due to supportive care, other physiologic variables remained stable between anesthetic regimens and throughout the 5-h exposure. These data improve our understanding of the effects of these 3 anesthetics in neonatal rhesus macaques and will aid veterinarians and researchers as they consider the risks and benefits of and resources required during general anesthesia in these animals.