Arch Intern Med
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Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Family members of patients with AITD are at increased risk for AITD, but not all will develop overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Our goal was to develop a simple predictive score that has broad applicability and is easily calculated at presentation for progression to overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism within 5 years in female relatives of patients with AITD. ⋯ An accurate simple predictive score was developed to estimate the 5-year risk of overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in female relatives of patients with AITD. However, in view of the small number of observed events, independent validation of the THEA score is called for.
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Comparative Study
National trends in ambulatory visits and antibiotic prescribing for skin and soft-tissue infections.
Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has emerged as a common cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) in the United States. It is unknown whether this development has affected the national rate of visits to primary care practices and emergency departments (EDs) and whether changes in antibiotic prescribing have occurred. ⋯ The incidence of SSTIs has rapidly increased nationwide in the CA-MRSA era and appears to disproportionately affect certain populations. Although physicians are beginning to modify antibiotic prescribing practices, opportunities for improvement exist, targeting physicians caring for patients who are at high risk.
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Little is known about whether health care providers (physicians) implement preventive care for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI). The objectives of our prospective cohort study were (1) to assess provider use of preventive strategies for CIAKI, (2) to determine the incidence of CIAKI, and (3) to examine the association of CIAKI with adverse outcomes at 30 days, including death, need for dialysis, and hospital admission. ⋯ Strategies to prevent CIAKI are implemented nonuniformly. Although biochemical evidence of CIAKI is relatively common, clinically significant CIAKI is rare. These findings should help health care providers focus the use of preventive care on the highest-risk patients and have important implications for future clinical trials.
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Vitamin D deficiency may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in humans. ⋯ Low levels of 25(OH)D are associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction in a graded manner, even after controlling for factors known to be associated with coronary artery disease.
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There are limited data available on the association of gouty arthritis (gout) in middle age with long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. ⋯ Among middle-aged men, a diagnosis of gout accompanied by an elevated uric acid level imparts significant independent CVD mortality risk.