Arch Iran Med
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As a polypoid form of capillary hemangioma, lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) most commonly occurs on the cutaneous and mucosal surfaces and is frequently benign in children. Tracheal LCH is a rare benign tumor in adults, with hemoptysis being one of the most serious forms of presentation. ⋯ We present a case of tracheal LCH and describe its features on computed tomography, pathology, and differential diagnosis. A review of the relevant literature is also provided.
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Atherosclerosis is the main cause of death in the world through causing ischemic heart disease (IHD). Altered serum lipid level is the most important risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Many studies reveal a strong inverse association between low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased risk of IHD. ⋯ Other potentially important candidates involved in low HDL-C syndromes are metabolic disorders including sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 and glucocerebrosidase. Also Molecular variations in many genes such as ABCAI and APOAI, TRIB1 and Apo E, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), Hepatic lipase (HL), lecithin cholesteryl acyl transferase and some linkage analysis have been associated with reduced HDL-Status. Low HDL-C syndrome has a strong genetic basis and is correlated with an increased risk of CAD.
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Cancers of the upper gastro-intestinal tract (UGIT) comprise esophageal, esophago-gastric junction, stomach and duodenal cancers. Together, these cancers represent over 1.5 million cases and are the cause of about 1.25 million deaths annually. This group of cancers encompasses diseases with marked disparities in etiology, geographic distribution, histopathological features and frequency. ⋯ Another three genes, NFE2L2, PTCH1 and NOTCH1, are mutated in ESCC only. Conversely, genes of the RAS family and of the CDH1/APC/CTNNB1 pathway are mutated only in non-squamous cancers, with differences in mutated genes according to topography. We review the potential functional significance of these observations for understanding mechanisms of UGIT carcinogenesis.
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The measurement of population-based dimensions of mental disorders and their effects on the population health is one of the major public health concerns. There is some evidence on the trend and point estimations of mental disease and substance abuse for many specific groups of Iranian population but there is a progressive requirement to documents on their exposure distribution at sub-national level, information about their trends, and their effects on the population health. ⋯ The study of National and sub-national prevalence, trend, and burden of mental disorders and substance abuse in Iran provides valuable convincing evidences for policy makers and other stakeholders for more evidence-based priority setting, resource allocation, interventions, service providing, and evaluation at both national and sub-national levels. The results also could be used for future complementary global, regional, national, and sub national studies.
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Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth common cancer and the sixth most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains the most common type of EC in the developing world and an important health problem in high-risk areas. Most of ESCC cases present in late stages, resulting in delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis. ⋯ Nonendoscopic methods may be more applicable in these populations for population-based screenings. The limitations (questionable validity and costs) of new endoscopic imaging modalities, including narrow-band imaging (NBI), made them inappropriate to be used in population-level ESCC screening programs. Low-cost, less-invasive endoscopic imaging methods with acceptable diagnostic performance may make screening of ESCC in high-risk areas cost-effective.