Arch Med Sci
-
Cystatins, a family of proteins known for their inhibitory role against cysteine proteases, have garnered significant attention in the field of neurodegeneration. Numerous genetic, experimental, and clinical studies concerning cystatin C suggest it plays an important role in the course of neurodegenerative diseases. ⋯ This article focuses on the potential use of cystatins, with special emphasis on easily obtained ovocystatin, in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia. The current evidence on cystatin use has shed light on its mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications for neuroprotection and maintenance of cognitive functions.
-
In the occurrence and development of heat stroke (HS), factors such as hyperthermia, ischemia and hypoxia are essential to the central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory response, but the main mechanism underlying CNS inflammation remains unclear. The aim of the study was to observe the polarization of microglia in response to heat-induced early nerve injury and to explore its possible mechanism of action. ⋯ After heat-induced disease, microglia were found to be active in the brain tissues of dogs. The microglia activated in the early 1-6 h of CNS injury were mainly the M1 type, which were then converted to the M2 type after 6 h. The 24 h M2 type was dominant. The relationship between M1/M2 polarization trends and early brain injury in heat-induced disease may be a key to understanding CNS injury in heat-induced disease.
-
Nutritional deficiencies remain a severe public health burden worldwide. They include some deficiencies and can lead to protein-energy malnutrition. Recent data has showed that inapprioprate nutrition and diet might be responsible for several milion deaths due to cardiovascular diseases. Thus, we aimed to determined the incidence rate of and DALYs due to nutritional deficiencies in 204 countries and territories. ⋯ From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate of and DALY rates due to nutritional deficiencies remained high in low-middle- and low-SDI areas, and Southeast Asia, Czechia, and Turkey had the highest levels of nutritional deficiencies.
-
This study probes the mechanism of the PARP9/PI3K/AKT/PD-L1 axis in the chemoresistance and immune escape of breast cancer cells. ⋯ PARP9 knockdown blocked the PI3K/AKT pathway to downregulate PD-L1, thus depressing chemoresistance and immune escape in breast cancer.
-
To investigate the toxicity of combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) hyaluronic acid (HA) gel nanoparticles (HA-CA4P-NPs) in OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma). ⋯ HA-CA4P-NPs improved drug release and delivery, and increased cytotoxicity to cancer cells.