Arch Med Sci
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Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent progressive musculoskeletal disease. It leads to functional impairment and decreased quality of life. However, the current treatments remain unsatisfactory. Recent studies have revealed that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells offer a promising approach to improve the pathological changes in osteoarthritis, cartilage tissue, and chondrocyte homeostasis. ⋯ Furthermore, DPSC-exosomes show an ability to promote autophagy in chondrocytes through mTOR inhibition, in addition to reducing the mTOR luciferase activity. The ability of DPSC-exosomes to partially regulate autophagy was blocked upon inhibition of miR-31. In brief, DPSC-exosomes have a chondroprotective role in a mouse osteoarthritis model. The underlying mechanism is possibly related to miR-31-mediated suppression of the mTOR-autophagy pathway.
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Absence of mismatch repair (MMR) genes in tumor cells or errors in the replication repair process may lead to DNA-MMR deficiency and microsatellite instability (MSI) formation. Specific tumor environments where gene variations are observed are believed to be conducive to the formation of MSI. This study aimed to determine the MSI status, MMR protein expression, and somatic mutation profile in solid organ tumors. ⋯ Our study covers not only colorectal cancer patients but also other solid tumor types, providing the first data from the Turkish population on the MSI-H/dMMR status and somatic mutation profile in the presence of this condition.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disorder of synovial joints which is mainly treated with therapeutic agents showing side effects associated with the gastrointestinal (GI) and metabolic system. Consequently, there is urgent need for a potent, safe and novel agent for treating OA and related disorders. Enoxolone is a pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained from the herb liquorice. Based on earlier findings, we postulated that enoxolone may produce chondroprotective activity by exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-catabolic and oxidative stress-decreasing effects. ⋯ Our findings demonstrate that enoxolone could suppress inflammatory signaling and apoptosis via the ERK1/2 pathway in chondrocytes.
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Mesenchymal stem cells can develop into osteoblasts, making them a promising cell-based osteoporosis treatment. Despite their therapeutic potential, their molecular processes are little known. Bioinformatics and experimental analysis were used to determine the molecular processes of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). ⋯ BMSCs release KLF2, which stimulates the PIK3CA-dependent PI3K-Akt pathway to treat PMO. Our findings illuminates the involvement of KLF2 and the PI3K-Akt pathway in BMSC osteoblast development, which may lead to better PMO treatments.
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Gliomas are lethal cancers accounting for significant human mortality across the globe. MicroRNAs (miRs) have shown potential to act as therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. Herein the role and therapeutic implications of miR-16 in glioma were investigated. ⋯ miR-16 acts as tumour suppressor in glioma and may severe as therapeutic target for glioma treatment.