B Acad Nat Med Paris
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B Acad Nat Med Paris · Oct 2021
[Adaptation of Health Care Organization in a level III Maternity Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic].
The COVID-19 pandemic required a rapid adaptation of health care organization. The objective was to ensure the care of patients avoiding contamination at the time of delivery and for the nursing staff. The establishment of parent-child essential links beyond the pandemic was also taken into account. ⋯ An incentive for breastfeeding was made. Early discharge from 48 hours was systematically organized with relay by midwife at home. In conclusion, this adaptation of the organization of care has made it possible to respond satisfactorily to the specific situation of this pandemic.
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B Acad Nat Med Paris · Aug 2021
Review[Avian coronaviroses: Characteristics of epidemiological interest, in comparative medicine].
Coronavirus disease in veterinary medicine has been known since 1931 and is the cause of one of the most damaging diseases in poultry farming: avian infectious bronchitis (BIA). The characteristics most useful for the study of epidemiology are presented, in particular the very strong mutagenicity and the seasonality of infections with this virus. The control programs are based on numerous biosecurity measures applied as much to prevent viruses from spreading from sources of infection: biocontainment measures, as to measures to prevent contamination of uninjured herds: bioexclusion measures The control of avian coronaviruses is based mainly on vaccinations and because of the very strong mutagenic power of the virus, a race is regularly underway, to succeed in matching the different viruses frequently appearing in farms and vaccine viruses. This also obliges us to adapt each time and region by region the pool of vaccines used and the vaccination programs used.
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The COVID-19 pandemic occurred in the context of a dramatic decline in support for biological and health research in France. An analysis of resources allocated to this sector shows that the credits in 2020 correspond to only 17.2 % of the total credits allocated to research, the lowest ratio inat least 15 years. ⋯ Another article deals with the organization of research. Recommendations are also made to improve the functioning of the research system at the local level, particularly in university hospitals, and at the national level.
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B Acad Nat Med Paris · Aug 2021
Review[From SARS, MERS to COVID-19: a journey to understand bat coronaviruses].
From the beginning of this century, three coronaviruses (CoVs) have caused severe human respiratory diseases, including severe respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which outbroke in 2002-2003, 2012 and 2019-2020, respectively. These viruses are three different species belonging to Coronaviridae family, Betacoronavirus genus. Discovery of closely-related CoVs in bats indicates that bats are natural reservoirs of these viruses. ⋯ However, these bat viruses seem to be low pathogenic in human ACE2 transgenic mice compared with the SARS-CoV-2. These results imply that these bat CoVs have potential interspecies transmission to other animals and humans. Our work highlights the necessity of preparedness for future emerging infectious diseases caused by these CoVs.
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Coronaviruses are RNA viruses classified into Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus. Their name comes from their conformation with the observation of spicules forming a sort of crown. Coronaviruses seem to come from bats, and more particularly Alphacoronaviruses and Betacoronaviruses (the genus where zoonoses are observed), while birds are the source of Gammacoronaviruses and Deltacoronaviruses. ⋯ Most Alphacoronaviruses are species specific. They can be responsible for serious diseases such as the cat coronavirus, responsible for feline infectious peritonitis, transmissible gastroenteritis (GET) in piglets and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). Finally, a deltacoronavirus can be found in both pigs (PD CoV UKU15) and birds.