Bmc Med
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Placental dysfunction, a root cause of common syndromes affecting human pregnancy, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), and spontaneous preterm delivery (sPTD), remains poorly defined. These common, yet clinically disparate obstetrical syndromes share similar placental histopathologic patterns, while individuals within each syndrome present distinct molecular changes, challenging our understanding and hindering our ability to prevent and treat these syndromes. ⋯ Our results demonstrate that integrated omics-based SNF distinctively reclassifies placental dysfunction patterns underlying the common obstetrical syndromes, improves our understanding of the pathological processes, and could promote a search for more personalized interventions.
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T2D is of high prevalence in the middle east and thus studying its mechanisms is of a significant importance. Using 1026 Qatar BioBank samples, epigenetics, whole genome sequencing and metabolomics were combined to further elucidate the biological mechanisms of T2D in a population with a high prevalence of T2D. ⋯ This study revealed several novel methylated genes in T2D, with their genomic variants and associated metabolic pathways with several implications for future clinical use of multi-omics associations in disease and for studying therapeutic targets.
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There is an increasing focus over time on the discovery and validation of biomarkers in cancer medicine, which can inform the identification of patients that are most likely to benefit from treatment, which therapy is most likely to be effective, and treatments that may not be safe. BODY: Creating the necessary evidence base for biomarker-informed management is a different challenge to developing a new therapy, and many biomarkers have been adopted into routine clinical practice without phase III randomised studies where the primary endpoint was to evaluate the direct impact of a biomarker-informed approach. This has generated a robust discussion in the research and clinical community regarding the most appropriate trial methodologies for biomarker validation, and the level of evidence required to support the incorporation of individual biomarker-driven approaches as a standard of care. This ongoing debate is key to optimising clinical trial design and ultimately delivering the best possible care to patients in an environment increasingly focused on personalised and patient-focused management. ⋯ Ongoing deliberation as to the optimal design of biomarker-driven clinical trials is critical to informing future clinical trial design and will ultimately greatly benefit patients and the clinicians that care for them.
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Prenatal air pollution exposure may increase risk for childhood obesity. However, few studies have evaluated in utero growth measures and infant weight trajectories. This study will evaluate the associations of prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants with weight trajectories from the 3rd trimester through age 2 years. ⋯ Prenatal ambient air pollution was associated with variable changes in growth rate and attained weight from the 3rd trimester to age 2 years. These results suggest continued public health benefits of reducing ambient air pollution levels, particularly in marginalized populations.
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that could produce severe complications threatening life. Its early detection is thus quite important for the timely prevention and treatment. Normally, fasting blood glucose (FBG) by physical examination is used for large-scale screening of DM; however, some people with normal fasting glucose (NFG) actually have suffered from diabetes but are missed by the examination. This study aimed to investigate whether common physical examination indexes for diabetes can be used to identify the diabetes individuals from the populations with NFG. ⋯ DRING was demonstrated to perform well on identifying the diabetes individuals among populations with NFG, which could aid in early diagnosis and interventions for those individuals who are most likely missed.