Bmc Med
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Understanding the frequency of violence experienced by female sex workers (FSWs) and how violence contributes to HIV transmission can help improve HIV programs. ⋯ FSWs in Mombasa experience violence frequently. In this population, we find that addressing sexual violence, including mitigating the effects of past violence, is potentially important in reducing HIV transmission in this population. However, the wide uncertainty range shows longitudinal studies are needed to strengthen the evidence of the influence of violence on HIV risk behavior. We find that the recommendations for modelling structural factors provide a useful framework for describing the model.
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Growing evidence shows that ultra-processed food consumption is associated with the risk of cancer. However, prospective evidence is limited on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence and mortality. In this study, we aimed to examine the association of ultra-processed food consumption and RCC incidence and mortality in a large cohort of US adults. ⋯ In conclusion, higher consumption of ultra-processed food is associated with an increased risk of RCC incidence and mortality. Limiting ultra-processed food consumption might be a primary prevention method of RCC.
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Few studies have attempted to use clinical and laboratory parameters to stratify COVID-19 patients with severe versus non-severe initial disease and evaluate age-specific differences in developing multiple different COVID-19-associated disease outcomes. ⋯ The risk of multiple different disease outcomes in both acute and post-acute phases increased significantly with the increasing severity of acute COVID-19 illness, specifically among the elderly. Moreover, future studies could improve by risk-stratifying patients based on universally accepted thresholds for clinical parameters, particularly biomarkers, using biological evidence from immunological studies.
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To investigate the association between surgical removal of tonsils and risk of COVID-19 with different severity. ⋯ Surgical removal of tonsils may be associated with a lower risk of COVID-19. This association is unlikely attributed to alterations in common blood inflammatory, lipid and metabolic biomarkers.