Bmc Med
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Diet is a well-known determinant of mental health outcomes. However, epidemiologic evidence on salt consumption with the risk of developing depression and anxiety is still very limited. This study aimed to examine the association between adding salt to foods and incident depression and anxiety longitudinally. ⋯ A higher frequency of adding salt to foods was independently associated with a higher hazard of depression and anxiety. Interventions such as public awareness campaigns promoting reduced salt consumption may be promising preventative measures to reduce the incidence of depression and anxiety.
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Cigarette smoking is posited as a potential factor in disrupting the balance of the human gut microbiota. However, existing studies with limited sample size have yielded inconclusive results. ⋯ We characterized the gut microbiota profile in male smokers and further revealed their potential involvement in mediating the impact of smoking on health outcomes. These findings advance our understanding of the intricate association between cigarette smoking and the gut microbiome.
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To provide estimates and trends for burdens of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) from 1990 to 2021 at the global, regional, and national levels, and to provide projections of EOCRC burden through 2030. ⋯ Between 1990 and 2021, the incidence and prevalence of EOCRC have escalated, whereas the death rate and DALY rate have declined. The burden varied with sex, SDI, and geographical locations. Given the rising trend of EOCRC burden, coordinated efforts are needed to reduce the burden posed by this malignancy.
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Cervical cancer is a significant health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries like India, where it ranks fourth among women. The Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, a vital preventive measure, has suboptimal uptake among nursing students. We aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, willingness, and reasons for non-uptake of HPV vaccination among nursing students. ⋯ The study highlights gaps in knowledge and negative attitudes towards HPV vaccination among nursing students. Targeted educational interventions and policy initiatives are essential to improve awareness, promote positive attitudes, and increase HPV vaccination uptake among nursing students.
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Polypharmacy (i.e., treatment with ≥ 5 drugs) is common in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and has been associated with suboptimal management and worse outcomes. Little is known about how prescribed drug patterns affect management and prognosis in patients with AF. ⋯ In patients with AF, different treatment patterns can be identified. Each pattern was associated with unique OAC use and long-term clinical outcomes.