Bmc Med
-
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a prevalent hepatic condition linked to metabolic alterations. It gradually causes liver damage and potentially progresses to cirrhosis. Despite its significance, research, especially in the pediatric population, is limited, leading to contradictory findings in diagnosis and treatment. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize existing literature on therapeutic interventions for MASLD in children and adolescents. ⋯ We conclude that supplementation and lifestyle changes can effectively impact ALT and AST levels, which can help address liver issues in obese children. However, the evaluation of risk bias, the high heterogeneity, and the bibliometric analysis emphasize the need for more high-quality studies and broader inclusion of diverse child populations to provide better therapeutic recommendations.
-
The nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system plays a critical role in regulating the sleep-wake state. The relationship between baseline striatal DA transporter (DAT) specific binding ratios (SBR) and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) has been established. This study aimed to investigate the association between the progression of striatal DA dysfunction and sleep disturbances, including excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and probable RBD (pRBD), in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). ⋯ Our findings support the role of striatal DA dysfunction in sleep disturbances in early PD patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that genetic variations in causative genes of PD contribute to the development of sleep disturbances. Striatal DAT imaging may be a useful risk indicator for sleep disturbances, providing early intervention strategies.
-
Estimating the economic burden of modifiable risk factors is crucial for allocating scarce healthcare resources to improve population health. We quantified the economic burden attributable to modifiable risk factors in an urban area of China. ⋯ The substantial economic burden of diseases attributable to modifiable risk factors necessitates targeted policy interventions. Priority areas are reducing tobacco and alcohol consumption and improving dietary habits that together constitute half of the total attributable costs. Tailored interventions targeting specific age and sex groups are crucial; namely tobacco in middle-aged/older males and alcohol in younger males.
-
We systematically reviewed Mendelian randomization (MR) studies and summarized evidence on the potential effects of different antihypertensive drugs on health. ⋯ Evidence of the benefits and off-target effects of antihypertensive drugs contribute to clinical decision-making, pharmacovigilance, and the identification of drug repurposing opportunities.
-
The rapid spread and increase of chikungunya (CHIKV) and dengue (DENV) cases in Brazilian regions in 2023 has raised concerns about the impact of arboviruses on public health. Epidemiological and genomic surveillance was performed to estimate the introduction and spread of CHIKV and DENV in Brazil. ⋯ These high rates of re-emergence and co-infection with both arboviruses provide useful data for implementing control measures of Aedes vectors and the urgent implementation of public health politics to reduce the numbers of CHIKV and DENV cases in the country.