Bratisl Med J
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The aim was to investigate the improvement properties of apocynin and its potential mechanism on diabetes-associated cognitive decline. ⋯ Our results have shown that apocynin may be a valid therapeutic agent against DACD via modulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis (Tab. 1, Fig. 18, Ref. 35).
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No abstract Keywords.
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Deterioration of vascular responses is the crucial event in the initiation of cardiovascular problems in hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM). A well-known oral antidiabetic, sitagliptin, has pleiotropic effects besides improving glycemic state in type-2 DM. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of sitagliptin on blood pressure with previously unassessed parameters of well-known pathophysiological processes and especially at the microRNA (miRNA) level where there are many unknowns. ⋯ Sitagliptin may control comorbidities, especially HT and introduces new targets to alleviate vascular responses. The new knowledge is; sitagliptin may show these effects through microRNAs (Tab. 2, Fig. 6, Ref. 46).
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In the review we analyzed short history of the establishment of a novel hematological parameter for systemic inflammation and stress coined as a neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Today NLR is widely used across almost all medical disciplines as a reliable and easy available marker of immune response to various infectious and non-infectious stimuli. We analyzed the immunological and biological aspects of dynamic changes of neutrophil granulocytes and lymphocytes in circulating blood during endocrine stress, dysbalance of autonomic nervous system and systemic inflammation. ⋯ Dynamic changes of NLR precede the clinical state for several hours and may warn clinicians about the ongoing pathological process early. NLR is a novel perspective marker of cellular immune activation, a valid index of stress and systemic inflammation, which open a new dimension for clinical medicine, for better understanding of the biology of inflammation, coupling and antagonism between innate and adaptive immunity and its clinical consequences for health and disease (Tab. 8, Fig. 3, Ref. 151). Keywords: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic inflammation, immune-inflammatory response, endocrinne stress.
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Polypharmacy and multiple diseases are common in geriatric practice; however, such kind of multiple interventions might result in adverse effects. Some previous studies have found the association of polypharmacy and Parkinson's disease, to confirm this relationship, we conducted a meta-analysis to analyze this issue quantitively. ⋯ In this study we have found an association between PD risk and polypharmacy, a better designed prospective long-term cohort study might be required for further discussion on this issue (Tab. 1, Fig. 5, Ref. 14).