Bratisl Med J
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C4d, a split product of C4 activation in classical and lectin pathways of the complement system activation, has been regarded as a footprint of tissue damage in antibody-mediated rejection in transplantology. The introduction of C4d staining into daily clinical practice aroused an ever-increasing interest in the role of antibody-mediated mechanisms in kidney allograft rejection. However, this marker of complement activation is also important in other various kidney glomerular pathologies such as immunoglobulin A nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, and others. ⋯ Immunohistochemical staining for C4d has revolutionized the field of renal histopathology. Despite being a simple diagnostic test, its utility can be of utmost importance, especially in a resource-poor setting where immunofluorescence and frozen tissue may not be available (Fig. 2, Ref. 53). Keywords: C4d deposition, immunohistochemistry, kidney glomerular diseases, kidney transplant, renal tubular damage.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate pulmonary sequestration (PS). We report on location, blood supply, histology, clinical manifestation, and surgical treatment of PS, as well as on postoperative course in patients with PS. ⋯ To prevent complications, it is crucial to perform surgical treatment for pulmonary sequestration in patients who have sufficient functional capacity (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 30). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: pulmonary sequestration, anatomic lobectomy, haemoptysis.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common forms of cancer significantly affecting the mortality and morbidity rates. The increasing incidence of HCC is a great concern across the globe. The current methods of HCC screening, detection and diagnosis depend mainly on imaging techniques. ⋯ In this paper the main biomarkers for the surveillance, diagnosis and prognosis of HCC are reviewed. The advantages and limitations of these biomarkers are summarized, and the future development directions are proposed (Tab. 1, Ref. 30). Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, biomarkers, AFP, DCP, diagnosis.
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Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is used in the surgical treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease (DDD). Besides the low incidence of postoperative complications, they can affect the postoperative course for patients. ⋯ The result of our study documented a low incidence of postoperative complications after ACD. We identified high BMI level, increased blood loss, and prolonged operation time as independent risk factors for the increased incidence of postoperative complications. Moreover, we demonstrated that postoperative complications do not significantly influence the patient's quality of life (Tab. 5, Ref. 32).
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) in predicting mortality in acute cholecystitis (AC). ⋯ NLR, SII, SIRI, and PIV may be useful markers in predicting 30-day mortality in patients with AC (Tab. 3, Fig. 5, Ref. 25).