Clin Med
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In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) a pathophysiological cycle occurs such that locomotor muscle weakness and fatiguabilty exist, which in turn limit exercise performance both because of leg discomfort and also because anaerobic metabolism leads to lactic acid production. Since the lactic acid is buffered by bicarbonate there is consequent carbon dioxide (CO2) production. Patients with advanced COPD are flow limited and cannot excrete the CO2 by raising ventilation and thus these patients experience breathlessness which discourages exercise and, in turn, prompts further deconditioning. Structured exercise, termed pulmonary rehabilitation is at the core of reversing the cycle but novel strategies should be employed for patients with advanced disease and alternative therapeutic opportunities may soon be available to improve pulmonary mechanics.
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There is increasing concern about the inappropriate use of alcohol by teenagers and young adults. The objective of this study was to assess the practicality of developing an alcohol education programme for school pupils delivered by medical students. The study design was of a prospective, observational, interventional cohort study. ⋯ Over a three-year period, 60 medical students provided alcohol education sessions to 1,780 high school pupils (aged 13-15 years) within seven schools in Wales. Strongly positive feedback was obtained from all stakeholders and all schools asked to be included in future programmes. In conclusion, medical student-delivered teaching of alcohol education programmes to school pupils appears to be feasible and welcome by schools, teachers, pupils and medical students.