Clin Med
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Review Case Reports
Managing hyperglycaemic emergencies: an illustrative case and review of recent British guidelines.
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic syndrome are important hyperglycaemic emergencies seen in patients with diabetes. Occasionally, differentiation between the two conditions can be difficult. We present the case of a patient whose hyperglycaemic emergency was managed in a way that could have adversely influenced the outcome. We also discuss important aspects of the new Joint British Diabetes Societies Guidelines on the management of hyperglycaemic emergencies.
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Panton-Valentine leukocidin is a cytotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. It was initially discovered by Van deVelde in 1894 due to its ability to lyse leukocytes. ⋯ Panton and Valentine described this strain of S. aureus as a non-life-threatening, soft-tissue infection that caused recurrent furunculosis and abscesses; however, it is currently implicated in more serious and invasive infections in children and young healthy adults. This paper presents a case of the most fatal of these infections: necrotising haemorrhagic pneumonia.
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The myeloproliferative neoplasms that are associated with the JAK2 mutation are a heterogeneous group of disorders. The additional mutations that result in the clinical phenotype are still the subject of research. ⋯ Although new drugs are being developed, treatment at present is predominantly with agents that have been in use for many years. An understanding of the need to control the thrombotic risk has, however, led to improved survival rates such that ET and PV can be seen as chronic diseases.