Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2003
ReviewOestrogen supplementation, mainly diethylstilbestrol, for preventing miscarriages and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Laboratory evidence in the 1940s demonstrated a positive role of placental hormones in the continuation of pregnancy. It was suggested that diethylstilbestrol was the oestrogen of choice for prevention of miscarriages. Observational studies were carried out with apparently positive results, on which clinical practice was based. This led to a worldwide usage of diethylstilbestrol despite controlled studies with contrary findings. ⋯ There was no benefit with the use of diethylstilbestrol in preventing miscarriages. Both short and long-term adverse outcomes in exposed offsprings were demonstration of the harm that this intervention caused women and their offspring during its usage.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2003
ReviewOrientation and mobility training for adults with low vision.
Orientation and mobility (O&M) training is provided to people who are visually impaired to help them maintain travel independence, teaching them new orientation and mobility skills to compensate for reduced visual information. ⋯ We could not find any controlled trials on the effects of orientation and mobility training for adults with low vision. As a premise to future trials, orientation and mobility instructors and scientists should reach a consensus and develop valid measures of mobility performance which are both reliable and meaningful to people with low vision.