Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jul 2006
Review Meta AnalysisPsychostimulants for hypersomnia (excessive daytime sleepiness) in myotonic dystrophy.
Excessive daytime sleepiness is a common symptom of myotonic dystrophy. Psychostimulants are drugs increasingly used to treat hypersomnia in myotonic dystrophy. ⋯ There is no evidence to support the routine use of psychostimulants to treat hypersomnia in myotonic dystrophy. There is some evidence from two studies that modafinil may improve daytime sleepiness. More randomised trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of psychostimulants.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jul 2006
Review Meta AnalysisInterventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea.
Diarrhoeal diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, especially among young children in developing countries. While many of the infectious agents associated with diarrhoeal disease are potentially waterborne, the evidence for reducing diarrhoea in settings where it is endemic by improving the microbiological quality of drinking water has been equivocal. ⋯ Interventions to improve water quality are generally effective in preventing diarrhoea, and interventions to improve water quality at the household level are more effective than those at the source. Significant heterogeneity among the trials suggests that the actual level of effectiveness may depend on a variety of conditions that research to date cannot fully explain. Rigorous, blinded, multi-arm randomized controlled trials conducted over a longer duration in a variety if settings may help clarify the potential effectiveness.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jul 2006
Review Meta AnalysisPotassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity.
Dentine hypersensitivity may be defined as the pain arising from exposed dentine, typically in response to external stimuli, and which cannot be explained by any other form of dental disease. Many treatment regimens have been recommended over the years, and in recent years particular attention has been focused on toothpastes containing various potassium salts. ⋯ The evidence generated by this review is based on a small number of individuals. Furthermore, the effect varies with the methods applied for assessing the sensitivity. Thus no clear evidence is available for the support of potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jul 2006
Review Meta AnalysisAntidepressants for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Negative symptoms are common in people with schizophrenia and are often difficult to treat with antipsychotic drugs. Treatment often involves the use of various add-on medications such as antidepressants. ⋯ The combination of antipsychotics and antidepressants may be effective in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but the amount of information is currently too limited to allow any firm conclusions. Large, pragmatic, well-designed and reported long term trials are justified.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jul 2006
Review Meta AnalysisPrevention of infection in arterial reconstruction.
Arterial reconstructions with prosthetic graft materials or vein are susceptible to infection with a resultant high patient mortality and risk of limb loss. To reduce the risk of infection effective perioperative measures are essential. ⋯ There is clear evidence of the benefits of prophylactic broad spectrum antibiotics. Many other interventions intended to reduce the risk of infection in arterial reconstruction lack evidence of effectiveness.