Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Oct 2009
Review Meta AnalysisPsychosocial interventions for the prevention of disability following traumatic physical injury.
Traumatic physical injury can result in many disabling sequelae including physical and mental health problems and impaired social functioning. ⋯ This review provides no convincing evidence of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for the prevention of disability following traumatic physical injury. Taken together, our findings cannot be considered as supporting the provision of psychosocial interventions to prevent aspects of disability arising from physical injury. However, these conclusions are based on a small number of disparate trials with small to moderate sample sizes and are therefore necessarily cautious. More research, using larger sample sizes, and similar interventions and patient populations to enable pooling of results, is needed before these findings can be confirmed.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Oct 2009
ReviewPharmacological interventions for ischaemia reperfusion injury in liver resection surgery performed under vascular control.
Vascular occlusion used during elective liver resection to reduce blood loss results in significant ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury. This in turn leads to significant postoperative liver dysfunction and morbidity. Various pharmacological drugs have been used in experimental settings to ameliorate the ischaemia reperfusion injury in liver resections. ⋯ Ulinastatin may have a protective effect against ischaemia reperfusion injury relative to gantaile in elective liver resections performed under vascular occlusion. The absolute benefit of this drug agent remains unknown. None of the drugs can be recommended for routine clinical practice. Considering that none of the drugs have proven to be useful to decrease ischaemia reperfusion injury, such trials should include a group of patients who do not receive any active intervention whenever possible to determine the pharmacological drug's absolute effects on ischaemia reperfusion injury in liver resections.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Oct 2009
Review Meta AnalysisLHRH agonists for adjuvant therapy of early breast cancer in premenopausal women.
Approximately 60% of breast cancers amongst premenopausal women express the nuclear oestrogen receptor (ER+ breast cancer). Adjuvant endocrine therapy is an integral component of care for ER+ breast cancer, exerting its effect by reducing the availability of oestrogen to micrometastatic tumour cells. Endocrine strategies in premenopausal women include oestrogen receptor blockade with tamoxifen, temporary suppression of ovarian oestrogen synthesis by luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, or permanent interruption of ovarian oestrogen synthesis with oophorectomy or radiotherapy. Aromatase inhibitors are also available with concurrent suppression of ovarian oestrogen synthesis, either through LHRH agonists, surgery, or radiotherapy. Chemotherapy can also have an endocrine action in premenopausal women by interrupting ovarian oestrogen production, either temporarily or permanently. International consensus statements recommend single agent tamoxifen as the current standard adjuvant endocrine therapy for premenopausal women (often preceded by chemotherapy), and the role of LHRH agonists remains under active investigation. ⋯ Overall, the data from currently published clinical trials of LHRH agonists in the adjuvant setting for premenopausal women with endocrine-sensitive breast cancer are supportive of clinical benefit. Nonetheless, definitive comparisons against current clinical standards of care that include third generation chemotherapy regimens and tamoxifen are required before their place in the adjuvant setting can be properly defined. The authors conclude that the current data strongly support the continuation of current trials that definitively compare a variety of combinations of LHRH agonists and anti-oestrogenic strategies to the current standard of five years of tamoxifen.
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Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic disease, usually affecting the skin caused by a dimorphic (existing in two forms), aerobic (oxygen requiring) fungus called Sporothrix schenckii. Oral potassium iodide is widely used for cutaneous sporotrichosis in clinical medicine with more and more reports published. However, the benefits and adverse reactions of these treatments have not yet been systematically reviewed. ⋯ The currently available evidence is insufficient to assess the potential for oral potassium iodide in the treatment of sporotrichosis.There is no high-quality evidence for or against oral potassium iodide as a treatment for sporotrichosis. Further randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trials are needed to define the efficacy and acceptability of these interventions.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Oct 2009
Review Meta AnalysisNaftopidil for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in aging men causing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Treatment aims are to relieve symptoms and prevent disease progression. Of the different alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (ARs) in the prostate, alpha-1a receptors are known to be central to prostatic smooth-muscle contraction. Recent studies have shown that patients with BPH may also have a predominance of alpha-1d receptors. ⋯ There are no data from placebo controlled trials regarding the efficacy of naftopidil in men with symptomatic BPH. Limited information suggests that treatment with naftopidil provides short-term improvement in urinary symptom-scale scores (total IPSS/AUA), QoL (quality of life) score, and urinary symptoms from baseline comparable to low-dose tamsulosin. Adverse effects due to naftopidil were few and usually mild.