Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Mar 2015
Review Meta AnalysisHormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women.
Evidence from systematic reviews of observational studies suggests that hormone therapy may have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease events in post-menopausal women, however the results of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have had mixed results. This is an updated version of a Cochrane review published in 2013. ⋯ Our review findings provide strong evidence that treatment with hormone therapy in post-menopausal women overall, for either primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease events has little if any benefit and causes an increase in the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolic events.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Mar 2015
ReviewStandard (head-down tilt) versus modified (without head-down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis.
Postural drainage is used primarily in infants with cystic fibrosis from diagnosis up to the moment when they are mature enough to actively participate in self-administered treatments. However, there is a risk of gastroesophageal reflux associated with this technique. ⋯ The available evidence regarding the comparison between the two regimens of postural drainage is still weak due to the small number of included studies, the small number of participants assessed, the inability to perform any meta-analyses and some methodological issues with the studies. However, it may be inferred that the use of a postural regimen with a 30° head-up tilt is associated with a lower number of gastroesophageal reflux episodes and fewer respiratory complications in the long term. The 20º head-down postural drainage position was not found to be significantly different from the 20º head-up tilt modified position. Nevertheless, the fact that the majority of reflux episodes reached the upper oesophagus should make physiotherapists carefully consider their treatment strategy.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Mar 2015
ReviewWITHDRAWN: Radical radiotherapy for stage I/II non-small cell lung cancer in patients not sufficiently fit for or declining surgery (medically inoperable).
The authors are unable to update this review. A new team is being sought to update it. The editorial group responsible for this previously published document have withdrawn it from publication.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Mar 2015
ReviewWITHDRAWN: Steroids, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and stents for superior vena caval obstruction in carcinoma of the bronchus.
Authors are unable to update this review. New authors are being sought to update it. The editorial group responsible for this previously published document have withdrawn it from publication.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Mar 2015
Review Meta AnalysisPentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates.
Mortality and morbidity due to neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remain high despite the use of potent antimicrobial agents. Agents that modulate inflammation may improve outcomes. Pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is one such agent. ⋯ Low-quality evidence from six small studies suggests that pentoxifylline therapy as an adjunct to antibiotics in neonatal sepsis decreases mortality without any adverse effects. We encourage researchers to undertake large, well-designed multicentre trials to confirm or refute the effectiveness of pentoxifylline in reducing mortality and morbidity in neonates with sepsis or NEC.