Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Dec 2024
ReviewUnintended consequences of measures implemented in the school setting to contain the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, schools were a key setting for intervening with public health and social measures (PHSM) to reduce transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Consequently, there is a need to assess the varied unintended consequences associated with PHSM implemented in the school setting, for students, teachers, and school staff, as well as for families and the wider community. This is an update of a Cochrane scoping review first published in 2022. ⋯ The protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/bsxh8). The previous review is published in the Cochrane Library (10.1002/14651858.CD015397).
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Dec 2024
ReviewGender differences in the context of interventions for improving health literacy in migrants: a qualitative evidence synthesis.
Health literacy can be defined as a person's knowledge, motivation and competence in four steps of health-related information processing - accessing, understanding, appraising and applying health-related information. Individuals with experience of migration may encounter difficulties with or barriers to these steps that may, in turn, lead to poorer health outcomes than those of the general population. Moreover, women and men have different health challenges and needs and may respond differently to interventions aimed at improving health literacy. In this review, we use 'gender' rather than 'sex' to discuss differences between men and women because gender is a broad term referring to roles, identities, behaviours and relationships associated with being male or female. ⋯ The question of whether gender differences exist in the health literacy of migrants cannot be fully answered in this qualitative evidence synthesis. Gender-specific findings were presented in only three of the 27 included studies. These findings represented only Afghan, Mexican and Korean women's views and were probably culturally-specific. We were unable to explore male migrants' perceived health literacy due to the notable lack of research involving migrant men. Research on male migrants' perceived health literacy and their health-related challenges is needed, as well as more research on potential gender roles and differences in the context of migration. Moreover, there is a need for more research in different countries and healthcare systems to create a more comprehensive picture of health literacy in the context of migration.
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This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: Primary objective To analyse the benefits and harms of pharmacological or other interventions (e.g. special diet, exercise programme) compared with placebo or standard care for RYR1-related disorders, including both permanent myopathies and intermittent (episodic) presentations (exertional myalgia and rhabdomyolysis), with the aim to improve motor and respiratory function and/or to reduce the frequency of episodes, respectively. ⋯ To assess whether the interventions, compared with placebo or usual care, change the expression of the disease state in patients with RYR1-related diseases. To identify a set of standardised outcome tools to be used in future studies.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Dec 2024
Review Meta AnalysisEffect and safety of intravenous iron compared to oral iron for treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy.
Intravenous iron is increasingly used to treat iron-deficient anaemia (IDA) in pregnancy. A previous network meta-analysis suggested that intravenous irons have a greater effect on haematological parameters than oral irons; however, the impact on serious pregnancy complications such as postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) or the need for blood transfusion was unclear. Since then, several new randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted. ⋯ Registration (2024): PROSPERO, CRD42024523791 via www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024523791.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Dec 2024
Review Meta AnalysisAzathioprine for people with multiple sclerosis.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated, chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, impacting around 2.8 million people worldwide. Characterised by recurrent relapses or progression, or both, it represents a substantial global health burden, affecting people, predominantly women, at a young age (the mean age of diagnosis is 32 years). Azathioprine is used to treat chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and it is used in clinical practice as an off-label intervention for MS, especially where access to on-label disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for MS is limited. Given this, a review of azathioprine's benefits and harms would be timely and valuable to inform shared healthcare decisions. ⋯ Azathioprine has been proposed as an alternative treatment for MS when access to approved, on-label DMTs is limited, especially in resource-limited settings. The limited evidence available suggests that azathioprine may result in a modest benefit in terms of relapse frequency, with a possible increase in SAEs, when compared to interferon beta-1b, for people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The evidence for the effect on disability progression and short-term adverse events is very uncertain. Caution is required in interpreting the conclusions of this review since our certainty in the available evidence on the benefits and harms of azathioprine in multiple sclerosis is low to very low, implying that further evidence is likely to change our conclusions. An important limitation we noted in the available evidence is the lack of long-term comparison with other treatments and the failure of most studies to measure outcomes that are important to people with multiple sclerosis, such as quality of life and cognitive decline. This is especially the case in the evidence relevant to people with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis.