Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2005
Review Meta AnalysisEarly introduction of lipids to parenterally-fed preterm infants.
Lipids are essential components of parenteral nutrition for preterm infants. Parenteral lipids can be administered through a peripheral vein, and their early introduction offers the potential advantages of increasing energy intake and providing essential fatty acids and fat soluble vitamins. Concerns have been raised about potential adverse effects including chronic lung disease (CLD), increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, impaired pulmonary gas diffusion, bilirubin toxicity, sepsis and free radical stress. ⋯ No statistically significant effects of 'early introduction' of lipids on short term nutritional or other clinical outcomes, either benefits or adverse effects, were demonstrated in the studies reviewed. Based on the currently available evidence, 'early' initiation of lipids (
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2005
Review Meta AnalysisTopically applied anaesthetics for treating perineal pain after childbirth.
Perineal trauma is a major problem affecting millions of women around the world each year. The degree of perineal pain and discomfort associated with perineal trauma is often underestimated. Pain often interferes with basic daily activities for the woman such as walking, sitting and passing urine and also negatively impacts on motherhood experiences. ⋯ Evidence for the effectiveness of topically applied local anaesthetics for treating perineal pain is not compelling. There has been no evaluation for the long-term effects of topically applied local anaesthetics.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2005
Review Meta AnalysisIntraarticular corticosteroid for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder. In the knee, injections of corticosteroids into the joint (intra-articular (IA)) may relieve inflammation, and reduce pain and disability. ⋯ The short-term benefit of IA corticosteroids in treatment of knee OA is well established, and few side effects have been reported. Longer term benefits have not been confirmed based on the RevMan analysis. The response to HA products appears more durable. In this review, some discrepancies were observed between the RevMan 4.1 analysis and the original publication. These are likely the result of using secondary rather than primary data and the statistical methods available in RevMan 4.1. Future trials should have standardised outcome measures and assessment times, run longer, investigate different patient subgroups, and clinical predictors of response (those associated with inflammation and structural damage).
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2005
Review Meta AnalysisMegestrol acetate for the treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome.
Megestrol acetate (MA) is currently used to improve appetite and to increase weight in cancer-associated anorexia. In 1993 MA was approved by the USA's Federal Drug Administration for the treatment of anorexia, cachexia, or unexplained weight loss in patients with AIDS. The mechanism by which MA increases appetite is unknown, and its effectiveness for anorexia and cachexia in neoplastic and AIDS patients is under investigation. ⋯ This review demonstrates that MA improves appetite and weight gain in patients with cancer. No overall conclusion about quality of life (QOL) could be drawn due to heterogeneity. The small number of patients, methodological shortcomings and poor reporting have not allowed us to recommend megestrol acetate in AIDS patients or with other underlying pathologies.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2005
Review Meta AnalysisPsychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Psychological interventions are widely used in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). ⋯ There was evidence that individual TFCBT, stress management and group TFCBT are effective in the treatment of PTSD. Other non-trauma focused psychological treatments did not reduce PTSD symptoms as significantly. There was some evidence that individual TFCBT is superior to stress management in the treatment of PTSD at between 2 and 5 months following treatment, and also that TFCBT was also more effective than other therapies. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether psychological treatment is harmful. There was some evidence of greater drop-out in active treatment groups.