Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of antipsychotic drugs (both first- and second-generation antipsychotics) compared to placebo on body weight gain, psychological symptoms, acceptability, and adverse events for people with anorexia nervosa.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Nov 2024
Larger versus smaller red blood cell volume per transfusion in hospitalized adults, children, and preterm neonates.
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: The objective of this review is to compare the effectiveness and safety of larger versus smaller RBC volume per transfusion for anemia in hospitalized adults, children, and preterm neonates.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Nov 2024
Review Meta AnalysisStatins for the primary prevention of venous thromboembolism.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) involves the formation of a blood clot in a vein, and includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). The annual incidence for VTE varies from 0.75 to 2.69 per 1000 individuals, with about 40 million people worldwide impacted by VTE. Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-coenzyme A (CoA) reductase inhibitors, inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and display several vascular-protective effects, including antithrombotic properties. However, the potential role of statins in the primary prevention of VTE is still not clear. ⋯ Using statins for the primary prevention of VTE may slightly reduce the incidence of VTE and all-cause mortality. However, this effect is likely too weak to be considered significant. Statin use may not decrease the occurrence of DVT and PE. The current evidence is insufficient to draw strong conclusions because of the risk of bias in the studies, imprecision in the effect estimates, and potential publication bias. More evidence from well conducted and fully reported RCTs is needed to assess the preventive effects of different types of statins, as well as the effects of different dosages and treatment durations in various populations.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Nov 2024
Review Meta AnalysisGalantamine for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.
Dementia leads to progressive cognitive decline, and represents a significant health and societal burden. Its prevalence is growing, with Alzheimer's disease as the leading cause. There is no cure for Alzheimer's disease, but there are regulatory-approved pharmacological interventions, such as galantamine, for symptomatic relief. This review updates the 2006 version. ⋯ Compared to placebo, galantamine (when given at a total dose of 16 mg to 24 mg/day) slows the decline in cognitive function, functional ability, and behaviour at six months in people with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Galantamine probably also slows declines in global function at six months. The changes observed in cognition, assessed with the ADAS-cog scale, were clinically meaningful. Gastrointestinal-related adverse events are the primary concerns associated with galantamine use in people with dementia, which may limit its tolerability. Although death rates were generally low, participants in the galantamine groups had a reduced risk of death compared to those in the placebo groups. There is no evidence to support the use of galantamine in people with mild cognitive impairment.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Nov 2024
Review Meta AnalysisLow dialysate sodium levels for chronic haemodialysis.
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death in dialysis patients and is strongly associated with fluid overload and hypertension. It is plausible that low dialysate sodium ion concentration [Na+] may decrease total body sodium content, thereby reducing fluid overload and hypertension and ultimately reducing CV morbidity and death. This is an update of a review first published in 2019. ⋯ Low dialysate [Na+] reduces intradialytic weight gain and probably blood pressure, which are effects directionally associated with improved outcomes. However, the intervention probably increases intradialytic hypotension and probably reduces serum [Na+], effects that are associated with an increased risk of death. The effect of the intervention on overall patient health and well-being is unknown. Further evidence is needed in the form of longer-term studies in contemporary settings, evaluating end-organ effects in small-scale mechanistic studies using optimal methods, and clinical outcomes in large-scale multicentre RCTs.