Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2001
Review Meta AnalysisAntidepressants versus placebo for people with bulimia nervosa.
Bulimia Nervosa (BN) represents an important public health problem and is related to serious morbidity and even mortality. This review attempted to systematically evaluate the use of antidepressant medications compared with placebo for the treatment of bulimia nervosa. ⋯ The use of a single antidepressant agent was clinically effective for the treatment of bulimia nervosa when compared to placebo, with an overall greater remission rate but a higher rate of dropouts. No differential effect regarding efficacy and tolerability among the various classes of antidepressants could be demonstrated.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2001
ReviewSucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures.
Management of pain for neonates is less than optimal. The administration of sucrose with and without non-nutritive sucking (pacifiers) has been the most frequently studied non-pharmacological intervention for relief of procedural pain in neonates. ⋯ Sucrose is safe and effective for reducing procedural pain from single painful events (heel lance, venepuncture). There was inconsistency in the dose of sucrose that was effective (dose range of 0.012 g to 0.12 g), and therefore an optimal dose to be used in preterm and/or term infants could not be identified. The use of repeated administrations of sucrose in neonates needs to be investigated as does the use of sucrose in combination with other behavioural (e.g., facilitated tucking, kangaroo care) and pharmacologic (e.g., morphine, fentanyl) interventions. Use of sucrose in neonates who are of very low birth weight, unstable and/or ventilated also needs to be addressed.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2001
ReviewSuperoxide dismutase for preventing chronic lung disease in mechanically ventilated preterm infants.
Free oxygen radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Superoxide dismutase is a naturally occurring enzyme which provides a defence against such oxidant injury. Exogenously administered superoxide dismutase has been tested in clinical trials to prevent chronic lung disease in preterm infants. ⋯ Based on currently available published trials, there is insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions about the efficacy of superoxide dismutase in preventing chronic lung disease of prematurity. Data from a small number of treated infants suggest that it is well tolerated and has no serious adverse effects.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2001
Review Meta AnalysisCardioselective beta-blocker use in patients with reversible airway disease.
Beta-blocker therapy has mortality benefit in patients with hypertension, heart failure and coronary artery disease, as well as during the perioperative period. These drugs have traditionally been considered contraindicated in patients with reversible airway disease. ⋯ Cardioselective beta-blockers, given to patients with mild-moderate reversible airway disease, do not produce clinically significant adverse respiratory effects in the short term. It is not possible to comment on their effects in patient with more severe or less reversible disease, or on their effect on the frequency or severity of acute exacerbations. Given their demonstrated benefit in conditions such as heart failure, coronary artery disease and hypertension, cardioselective beta-blockers should not be withheld from patients with mild-moderate reversible airway disease.
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Therapeutic ultrasound is one of several physical therapy modalities suggested for the management of pain and loss of function due to OA. ⋯ Ultrasound therapy appears to have no benefit over placebo or short wave diathermy for patients with knee OA. These conclusions are limited by the poor reporting of the characteristics of the device, of the population, of the OA,and therapeutic application of the ultrasound and low methodological quality of the trials included. No conclusions can be drawn about the use of ultrasound in smaller joints such as the wrists or hands.