Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2001
ReviewInternal fixation implants for intracapsular proximal femoral fractures in adults.
Numerous different implants with screws, pins and side plates have been used for the internal fixation of intracapsular hip fractures. ⋯ No clear conclusions can be made on the choice of implant for internal fixation of intracapsular fractures from the available evidence within randomised trials.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2001
ReviewRemoval of nail polish and finger rings to prevent surgical infection.
Surgical wound infection may be caused by transfer of bacteria from the hands of the surgical team during operative procedures. Careful surgical scrubbing is therefore performed to reduce the number of bacteria on the skin. The wearing of finger rings and nail polish is thought to reduce the efficacy of the scrub as they are thought to harbour bacteria in microscopic imperfections of nail polish and on the skin beneath finger rings. ⋯ There is no evidence of the effect of removing nail polish or finger rings on the rate of surgical wound infection. There is insufficient evidence of the effect of wearing nail polish on the number of bacteria on the skin. However, the one trial making this comparison trial was too small to exclude anything other than a very large difference in the number of bacteria on the skin.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2001
ReviewSingle versus combination intravenous antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis.
Choice of antibiotic, and the use of single or combined therapy are controversial areas in the treatment of respiratory infection in Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Advantages of combination therapy include wider range of modes of action, possible synergy and reduction of resistant organisms; advantages of monotherapy include lower cost, ease of administration and reduction of drug related toxicity. Current evidence does not provide a clear answer and therefore the use of intravenous antibiotic therapy in CF requires further evaluation. ⋯ The results of this systematic review of monotherapy versus combination therapy for pulmonary exacerbations in CF are inconclusive. The review raises important methodological issues. There is a need for a randomised controlled trial which needs to be well designed in terms of adequate randomisation allocation, blinding, power and long-term follow up. Results need to be standardised to a consistent method of reporting, in order to validate the pooling of results from multiple studies.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2001
ReviewCorticosteroids for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy is an autoimmune peripheral neuropathy and would be expected to benefit from corticosteroids. Non-randomised studies suggest that corticosteroids are often beneficial. ⋯ A single randomised controlled trial with 35 participants provided weak evidence to support the common opinion derived from non-randomised studies that oral corticosteroids reduce impairment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Corticosteroids are known to have serious long term side effects. The long term risks and benefits have not been adequately studied.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2001
ReviewD-Penicillamine for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants.
Retinopathy of prematurity remains a common problem. A low rate of this disorder was unexpectedly observed among infants treated with intravenous d-penicillamine to prevent hyperbilirubinemia. This observation led to the investigation of its use to prevent retinopathy of prematurity. ⋯ D-penicillamine is unlikely to affect survival, and may reduce the incidence of acute ROP among survivors. Studies to date justify further investigation of this drug in a broader population; careful attention to possible side effects is needed.