Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2000
ReviewEnergy/protein restriction for high weight-for-height or weight gain during pregnancy.
To assess the effects of prescribing a low-energy diet to pregnant women who are either overweight, or who exhibited high weight gain earlier in gestation, on subsequent weight gain, pre-eclampsia, and the outcome of pregnancy. ⋯ Protein/energy restriction of pregnant women who are overweight or exhibit high weight gain is unlikely to be beneficial and may be harmful to the developing fetus.
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To estimate the short-term effects of cyclophosphamide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. ⋯ Cyclophosphamide appears to have a clinically and statistically significant benefit on the disease activity of patients with RA, similar to some disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as antimalarials or sulfasalazine, but lower than methotrexate. Toxicity however is severe, limiting its use given the low benefit-risk ratio compared to other antirheumatic agents.
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To assess the effects of bisphosphonates for the prevention and treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. ⋯ Bisphosphonates are effective at preventing and treating corticosteroid-induced bone loss at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Efficacy regarding fracture prevention cannot be concluded from this analysis, although bone density changes are correlated with fracture risk.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2000
ReviewNedocromil sodium for preventing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
Exercise-induced asthma causes cough, dyspnea, wheeze and chest tightness. Management of focuses on prevention through pharmaco-therapy and alternate strategies. Single use, pre-exercise beta2-agonists and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as the cromones are the most common treatments. ⋯ Nedocromil sodium used before exercise appears to reduce the severity and duration of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. This effect appears to be more pronounced in people with severe exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2000
ReviewInterventions aimed at decreasing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection.
At the end of 1998 over 33 million people were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and over one million children had been infected from their mothers. ⋯ Zidovudine, nevirapine and delivery by elective caesarean section appear to be very effective in decreasing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection.