Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of early tracheostomy compared to late tracheostomy in people with multiple trauma in the intensive care unit.
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This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of herbs/herbal extracts to prevent or minimise tooth decay in children and adults.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · May 2024
Review Meta AnalysisOral vitamin A supplements to prevent acute upper respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age.
According to global prevalence analysis studies, acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are the most common acute infectious disease in children, especially in preschool children. Acute URTIs lead to an economic burden on families and society. Vitamin A refers to the fat-soluble compound all-trans-retinol and also represents retinol and its active metabolites. Vitamin A interacts with both the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system and improves the host's defences against infections. Correlation studies show that serum retinol deficiency was associated with a higher risk of respiratory tract infections. Therefore, vitamin A supplementation may be important in preventing acute URTIs. ⋯ The evidence for the use of vitamin A supplementation to prevent acute URTI is uncertain, because population, dose and duration of interventions, and outcomes vary between studies. From generally very low- to low-certainty evidence, we found that there may be no benefit in the use of vitamin A supplementation to prevent acute URTI in children up to seven years of age. More RCTs are needed to strengthen the current evidence. Future research should report over longer time frames using validated tools and consistent reporting, and ensure adequate power calculations, to allow for easier synthesis of data. Finally, it is important to assess vitamin A supplementation for preschool children with vitamin A deficiency.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · May 2024
Parallel use of low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests and lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assays to detect tuberculosis disease in adults and adolescents living with HIV.
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (diagnostic). The objectives are as follows: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of parallel use of lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan on urine and low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests on respiratory samples versus each test alone for detection of tuberculosis disease in adults and adolescents living with HIV who present with presumptive tuberculosis. Secondary objectives To investigate the following sources of heterogeneity: clinical setting; signs and symptoms of tuberculosis; screening positivity for tuberculosis disease by chest x-ray, C-reactive protein elevation, and molecular World Health Organization-recommended rapid diagnostics; seriously ill; advanced HIV; and CD4 cell count.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · May 2024
Parallel use of low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests on respiratory samples and stool with or without lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assays to detect pulmonary tuberculosis disease in children.
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (diagnostic). The objectives are as follows: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the parallel use of low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests on respiratory and stool specimens in children and lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan amongst children with HIV versus each assay alone for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis. Secondary objectives To compare the diagnostic accuracy of low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests on respiratory and stool specimens in combination versus each sample type alone. To investigate the following sources of heterogeneity: clinical setting, signs and symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis disease, screening positivity by chest X-ray abnormalities, age group, specimen type; and also amongst children with HIV: CD4 cell-count or percent category, advanced HIV disease, and serious illness.