Gac Med Mex
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With the advancement of knowledge in relation to the physiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), several new therapeutic forms have been developed. There are also new guidelines for self-care. On the other hand, there is still an underdiagnosis of AD in Mexico. ⋯ The Atopic Dermatitis Guidelines for Mexico (GUIDAMEX) was developed with the ADAPTE methodology, with the endorsement and participation of ten national medical societies, from physicians in Primary Healthcare to allergists and dermatologists. Throughout the manuscript, key clinical questions are answered that lead to recommendations and suggestions for the diagnosis of AD (including differential diagnosis with immunodeficiency syndromes), the recognition of comorbidities and complications, non-pharmacological treatment including therapeutic education, treatment of flares and maintenance therapy. The latter encompasses general measures to avoid triggering factors, first-line treatment focussed on repair of the skin barrier, second-line treatment (topical proactive therapy), and third-line phototherapy or systemic treatment, including dupilumab and JAK inhibitors.
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Overweight and obesity (OW/OB) represent a serious challenge in Mexico, with effects on health, society and economy. Demographic, epidemiological, nutritional, social and economic factors have exacerbated this problem. ⋯ The obesogenic environment, influenced by social determinants of health, has had a significant impact on mortality, burden of disease, and economic costs. Addressing OW/OB requires multisector interventions to strengthen the Mexican health system.
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Between 2020 and 2021, Mexico documented 2.21 million fatalities, out of which 25.3% were attributable to SARS-COV-2 infection. ⋯ In Mexico and the countries of the region, the pandemic was devastating and generated regressions in life expectancy at birth, which varied from two to nine years. It is not clear why the effect was so different between countries and within Mexico.
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Mental disorders are one of the main causes of years lived with disability, although there is a lack of recent estimates of their magnitude. ⋯ Mental disorders have considerably increased since the only national mental health survey that used diagnostic criteria to evaluate their prevalence. It is important to invest in epidemiological studies, prevention and care of mental disorders, which are among the leading causes of years lived with disability in the country.
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Respiratory diseases (RD) are often analyzed separately rather than collectively, possibly leading to an underestimation of their total burden. ⋯ The significant burden of mortality and disability due to RDs in Mexico underscores the n|ecessity for enhanced prevention, research, and for addressing risk factors such as smoking and pollution. Ongoing healthcare training can help reduce RD burden.