Neurologia medico-chirurgica
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2010
Novel brain model for training of deep microvascular anastomosis.
Models of the brain and skull were developed using a selective laser sintering method for training in the procedures of deep microvascular anastomosis. Model A has an artificial skull with two craniotomies, providing fronto-temporal-subtemporal and suboccipital windows. The brain in Model A is soft and elastic, and consists of the brainstem and a hemispheric part with a detailed surface. ⋯ Model B has an artificial skull with a bifrontal craniotomy and an artificial brain consisting of the bilateral frontal lobes with an interhemispheric fissure and corpus callosum. Rehearsals or training for anastomosis of the callosal segment of the anterior cerebral artery can be practiced through this craniotomy. These realistic models will help to develop skills for deep vascular anastomosis, which remains a challenging neurosurgical procedure, even for experienced neurosurgeons.
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2010
Case ReportsRapid spontaneous resolution of neurological signs and cerebral herniation caused by intracerebral hemorrhage -case report-.
A 47-year-old man presented with sudden consciousness disturbance and left hemiplegia caused by intracerebral hemorrhage. Initial computed tomography (CT) showed a massive subcortical right temporoparietal lobe hematoma and signs of impending uncal herniation. ⋯ Small intracerebral hemorrhages occasionally produce transient symptoms with or without disappearance of the hematoma, but the present patient had a large hematoma that decreased in size within a short time with rapid improvement of the symptoms attributed to the hematoma. The mechanism underlying the diminution of the hematoma may be related to redistribution by cerebrospinal fluid flow.
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2010
Case ReportsCerebral vasospasms after intraventricular hemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation: case report.
A 33-year-old female presented with a rare case of severe vasospasm following the rupture of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) without subarachnoid hemorrhage. Initial computed tomography (CT) revealed a subcutaneous hematoma and cast formation of intraventricular clots without the deposition of subarachnoid blood in any basal cistern. Cerebral angiography revealed a small AVM located in the right parietal lobe without aneurysmal formations. ⋯ However, she suffered persistent mild right hemiparesis and motor aphasia. The characteristic features of vasospasm after intraventricular hemorrhage from AVMs are delayed onset, acute deterioration of consciousness, female predominance, and localization to the bilateral internal carotid arteries. Treatment of patients with AVM rupture should consider the risk of severe vasospasm, even if there is no subarachnoid clot.
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2010
Case ReportsSplitting of the oculomotor nerve by the posterior communicating artery--case report.
A 62-year-old woman presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage manifesting as sudden onset of headache, but without visual symptoms or extraocular movement disturbances. Computed tomography angiography showed a 7-mm size aneurysm originating from the internal carotid-posterior communicating artery (PcomA). After the neck of the aneurysm was clipped, the PcomA was confirmed to have split the oculomotor nerve. Splitting of the oculomotor nerve by the PcomA was probably caused by arterial blood pulsation in the tortuous PcomA.
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2010
Assessment of cognitive function before and after surgery for posterior cranial fossa lesions using computerized and conventional tests.
Cognitive function has not been well studied after neurosurgery for posterior fossa lesions despite its potential importance in determining surgical indications and approaches. The present study evaluated changes in cognitive functions after posterior fossa surgery to detect any differences between the middle cranial fossa and lateral suboccipital approaches in 50 patients with posterior fossa lesions such as tumors and vascular diseases. Twenty-five patients underwent surgery via the middle fossa and 25 via the lateral suboccipital approaches. ⋯ The middle fossa approach and operation time showed correlations with the postoperative neuropsychological declines. The computerized tests could be performed easily and were beneficial for detecting subtle changes of the cognitive function after surgery. Cognitive function, especially short-term memory, may decline temporarily with the middle fossa approach and long operation time.