Neurologia medico-chirurgica
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jun 2014
Comparative StudyRelation between the persistence of an abnormal muscle response and the long-term clinical course after microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm.
Mentalis muscle responses to electrical stimulation of the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve are considered abnormal muscle responses (AMRs) and can be used to monitor the success of decompression in microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcome of MVD surgery in which the AMR disappeared to the outcome of surgery in which the AMR persisted. ⋯ At 1 year postsurgery, spasms had resolved in 92% of cases in the AMR-disappearance group and 84% of cases in the persistent-AMR group, mild spasms were present in 6% of cases in the AMR-disappearance group and 8% of cases in the persistent-AMR group, and moderate spasms were present in 3% of cases in the AMR-disappearance group and 8% of the cases in the persistent-AMR group (P = 0.56). These results indicate that the long-term outcome of MVD surgery in which the AMR persisted was no different to that of MVD surgery in which the AMR disappeared.
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jun 2014
Risk factors associated with cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
We studied the risk factors associated with cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The subjects were 370 patients with ruptured aneurysms who fulfilled all of the following criteria: admission by day 2 after onset, operation performed by day 3 by the same surgeon (T. I.), Hunt-Hess grade I-IV, availability of bilateral carotid angiograms acquired by day 2 and repeated between days 7 and 9. ⋯ AV grade III-IV, SV, and cerebral infarction occurred in 57%, 54%, and 39% of the 46 smokers with LVH, and in 43%, 49%, and 35% of the 68 patients who had both LVH and hypertension, respectively. CT-evident SAH, LVH, cigarette smoking, and hypertension are associated with vasospasm. In smokers or hypertensive patients, premorbid LVH appears to predict much more severe vasospasm.
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2014
Toxicity and outcome of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide in elderly patients with glioblastoma: a retrospective study.
Radiation therapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard therapy for nonelderly patients with glioblastoma. However, TMZ-based chemoradiotherapy for elderly patients with glioblastoma is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the benefits and adverse effects of this combined therapy in elderly patients with glioblastoma. ⋯ TMZ-based chemoradiotherapy was associated with an increased risk of Grade 4 adverse events in the elderly patients during concomitant use. Thus, elderly patients who undergo a concomitant course of TMZ must be closely monitored for adverse events. Treatment of glioblastoma in elderly patients must be optimized to reduce toxicity to acceptable levels and to maintain efficacy.
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2014
ReviewSurgical management of traumatic acute subdural hematoma in adults: a review.
Traumatic acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is a major clinical entity in traumatic brain injury (TBI). It acts as a space occupying lesion to increase intracranial pressure, and is often complicated by co-existing lesions, and is modified by cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes, coagulopathy, and delayed hematomas. Because of its complicated pathophysiology, the mortality of ASDH is still remaining high. ⋯ Since Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, age, papillary reaction, and computed tomographic findings are strongly correlated to outcome, each factor has been investigated as an indicator of salvage ability. None of them, however, has been defined as such one. In future studies, epidemiological changes as population ages, management of delayed pathophysiology, superiority of each surgical procedures, and salvage ability should be addressed.
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2014
ReviewUpdate on intensive neuromonitoring for patients with traumatic brain injury: a review of the literature and the current situation.
Intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements are fundamental in the present protocols for intensive care of patients during the acute stage of severe traumatic brain injury. However, the latest report of a large scale randomized clinical trial indicated no association of ICP monitoring with any significant improvement in neurological outcome in severely head injured patients. Aggressive treatment of patients with therapeutic hypothermia during the acute stage of traumatic brain injury also failed to show any significant beneficial effects on clinical outcome. ⋯ However, combined application of different types of neuromonitoring, including ICP measurement, may have potential benefits for understanding the pathophysiology of damaged brains. The combination of monitoring techniques is expected to increase the precision of the data and aid in prevention of secondary brain damage, as well as assist in determining appropriate time periods for therapeutic interventions. In this study, we have characterized the techniques used to monitor patients during the acute severe traumatic brain injury stage, in order to establish the beneficial effects on outcome observed in clinical studies conducted in the past and to follow up any valuable clues that point to additional strategies for aggressive management of these patients.