Int J Med Sci
-
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a heterogenous group of malignancies arising from the epithelial cells of the biliary tree and the gallbladder. They are often locally advanced or already metastatic at the time of the diagnosis and therefore prognosis remains dismal. Unfortunately, the management of BTCs has been limited by resistance and consequent low response rate to cytotoxic systemic therapy. ⋯ Although there are still few data available, ctDNA analysis in BTC is fast, non-invasive, and could also represent a way to diagnose BTC earlier and monitor tumor response to chemotherapy. The prognostic capabilities of soluble factors in BTC are not yet precisely determined and more studies are needed. In this review, we will discuss the different approaches to immunotherapy and tumor circulating factors, the progress that has been made so far, and the possible future developments.
-
Coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) is a high risk factor for many cardiovascular events. Due to the limited understanding of its pathophysiological mechanism, modern medicine still lacks therapeutic drugs for CMVD. Existing clinical studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and quality of life of CMVD patients. ⋯ In the face of numerous oral CPMs for treatment of CMVD, how to choose a reasonable medication regimen is one of the important issues in clinic. Based on this, this paper reviewed the clinical efficacy and recommended level of 12 CPMs in the treatment of CMVD, which are recommended by expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of coronary microvascular disease with integrated Chinese and Western medicine (WM). In addition, this study also systematically summarized the possible mechanisms of CPMs in the treatment of CMVD by protecting coronary microvascular endothelial cells, improving vascular endothelial function, inhibiting inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, promoting angiogenesis, and improving hemorheology, aiming to provide meaningful information for its clinical application.
-
Diabetes mellitus and its complications pose a major threat to global health and affect the quality of life and life expectancy of patients. Currently, the application of traditional therapeutic drugs for diabetes mellitus has great limitations and can only temporarily control blood glucose but not fundamentally cure it. ⋯ Recently, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used in basic and clinical research on diabetes mellitus and its complications because of their abundance, low ethical controversy, low risk of infection, and high proliferation and differentiation ability. This paper reviews the therapeutic role and mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in diabetes mellitus and its complications and highlights the challenges faced by the clinical application of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to provide a more theoretical basis for the application of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in diabetes mellitus patients.
-
The members of the transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein (TMED) family are summarized in human as four subfamilies, α (TMED 4, 9), β (TMED 2), γ (TMED1, 3, 5, 6, 7) and δ (TMED 10), with a total of nine members, which are important regulators of intracellular protein transport and are involved in normal embryonic development, as well as in the pathogenic processes of many human diseases. Here we systematically review the composition, structure and function of TMED family members, and describe the progress of TMED family in human diseases, including malignancies (head and neck tumors, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, gastrointestinal tumors, urological tumors, osteosarcomas, etc.), immune responses, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, mucin 1 nephropathy (MKD), and desiccation syndrome (SS). Finally, we discuss and prospect the potential of TMED for disease prognosis prediction and therapeutic targeting, with a view to laying the foundation for therapeutic research based on TMED family causative genes.
-
Comparative Study
Effect of the Brief Instructional Video Intervention on the Quality of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.
Background: Chest compressions are the basis of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and high-quality chest compressions can improve survival rate in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Although many efforts have been made to improve the quality of CPR in inexperienced adults, the results are still not high, especially during emergencies. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate whether a brief instructional chest compression-only CPR video could improve chest compression quality in inexperienced adults. ⋯ For phases 2 through 3, V-CPR and WV-CPR achieved significant differences in CCF, CCD, CCR, PCCR, and RPE (p < 0.01). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in CCF, CCD, chest compression rebound rate, and RPE among the different administration stages of both WV-CPR and V-CPR. Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that a brief instructional chest compression-only CPR video could improve chest compression quality for inexperienced adults by reducing fatigue and CCR, and increasing CCF and PCCR.