Int J Med Sci
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparison between conventional-dose and high-dose rocuronium use in general anesthesia for Cesarean section.
Background: There have been few studies comparing the effects of high- and low-dose rocuronium during cesarean section by directly measuring the concentration. Therefore, we conducted a study to examine the blood concentrations and clinical effects of both doses of rocuronium on mothers and fetuses. Methods: Eighteen patients were randomly assigned to two groups: C Group (0.6 mg/kg), and H Group, (1.0 mg/kg). ⋯ Rocuronium concentrations in the umbilical vein (p=0.004) and maternal vein before cord clamping (p=0.002) and at discharge (p<0.001) were also found to be higher in the H group than in the C group. Conclusions: We observed no prolongation of PACU stay, and no differences in Apgar scores in H group compared to C group. It suggests that 1.0 mg/kg of rocuronium has no negative effects on the fetus and mother in cesarean section.
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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe pulmonary vascular disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance because of vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction. Subsequently, PAH leads to right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. Cell death mechanisms play a significant role in development and tissue homeostasis, and regulate the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation. ⋯ This review summarizes the role of these cell death mechanisms, associated signaling pathways, unique effector molecules, and various pro-survival or reprogramming mechanisms. The aim of this review is to summarize the currently known molecular mechanisms underlying PAH. Further investigations of the cell death mechanisms may unravel new avenues for the prevention and treatment of PAH.
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Hypoxic injury is a critical pathological factor in the development of various cardiovascular diseases, such as congenital heart disease, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Mitochondrial quality control is essential for protecting cardiomyocytes from hypoxic damage. ⋯ Targeted interventions to enhance mitochondrial quality control, such as coenzyme Q10 and statins, have shown promise in mitigating hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. These treatments offer potential therapeutic strategies for hypoxia-related cardiovascular diseases by regulating mitochondrial fission and fusion, restoring mitochondrial biogenesis, reducing ROS production, and promoting mitophagy.
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Review
Enhancement of Mitochondrial Homeostasis: A Novel Approach to Attenuate Hypoxic Myocardial Injury.
Cardiomyocytes are highly oxygen-dependent cells, relying on oxygen-driven oxidative phosphorylation to maintain their function. During hypoxia, mitochondrial ATP production decreases, leading to calcium overload, acidosis, and oxidative stress, which collectively trigger myocardial injury. Ischemic heart disease, caused by coronary atherosclerosis, results in myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, leading to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. ⋯ In the early stages of ischemia and hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, causing the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the mitochondria. This activates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) and mitophagy, which work to clear damaged proteins and mitochondria, playing a key role during this period. This review focuses on mitochondrial mechanisms during the ischemic phase of ischemia-reperfusion injury, aiming to provide new theoretical foundations and potential therapeutic strategies to reduce myocardial damage.
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Purpose: To evaluate the potential risk factors for poor dry eye disease (DED) outcomes after intense pulse light (IPL) treatment. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted, and patients who received IPL were enrolled. A total of 63 eyes were included in the present study after exclusion and were divided into a fair outcome group and a poor outcome group according to posttreatment improvements in DED-related signs and symptoms. ⋯ Female sex and previous refractive surgery were associated with less improvement in DED-related symptoms (all P < 0.05), whereas advanced age, a lower pretreatment NITBUT and a higher meibomian gland loss rate were related to poor DED sign improvement (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: The major limitations are the retrospective design, small study population, and absence of detailed posttreatment exams. In conclusion, old age, female sex, previous refractive surgery, a lower NITBUT, and a higher meibomian gland loss rate are associated with worse outcomes after IPL treatment.